Supply modulator and wireless communication apparatus including the same

ABSTRACT

A supply modulator includes a linear regulator that generates an output voltage in an envelope tracking mode. A switching regulator operates with the linear regulator to generate the output voltage in the envelope tracking mode and to selectively generate the output voltage in an average power tracking mode. A single inductor multiple output converter operates selectively with the switching regulator to generate the output voltage in the average power tracking mode, operates to provide a power supply voltage to the linear regulator in the envelope tracking mode, and includes a first capacitor connected with a power supply terminal of the linear regulator and a second capacitor selectively connected with an output terminal of the linear regulator through a first switch. A main controller decides a tracking mode to be executed by the supply modulator.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/031,172, filedSep. 24, 2020, and a claim of priority is made to Korean PatentApplication Nos. 10-2020-0020345 filed on Feb. 19, 2020 and10-2020-0057148 filed on May 13, 2020, in the Korean IntellectualProperty Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated by referenceherein in their entireties.

BACKGROUND

Embodiments of the present disclosure described herein relate to asupply modulator having a fast voltage change characteristic and awireless communication apparatus including the same.

A wireless communication apparatus such as a smartphone, a tablet, or anInternet of Things (IoT) apparatus uses a WCDMA (3G), LTE, LTE Advanced(4G) or NR (5G) technology for high-speed communication. However, as acommunication technology develops, a high peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) and a high bandwidth of a transmit/receive signal is required. Inthe case where a power of a power amplifier of a transmission stage isconnected with a battery, efficiency of the power amplifier decreases.As such, to improve power efficiency of the power amplifier under thehigh PAPR and the high bandwidth, an average power tracking (hereinafterreferred to as an “APT”) or envelope tracking (hereinafter referred toas an “ET”) technology is used. A chip that supports the APT technologyand the ET technology is referred to as a “supply modulator (SM)”.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a supply modulator withimproved power use efficiency and modulation operation performance and awireless communication apparatus including the same.

According to an exemplary embodiment, a supply modulator is driven in atracking mode of an envelope tracking (ET) mode and an average powertracking (APT) mode to provide an output voltage to a power amplifier.The supply modulator includes a linear regulator configured to generatethe output voltage in the envelope tracking mode. A switching regulatoris configured to generate, with the linear regulator, the output voltagein the envelope tracking mode and selectively operates to generate theoutput voltage in the average power tracking mode. A single inductormultiple output (SIMO) converter is configured to selectively operatewith the switching regulator to generate the output voltage in theaverage power tracking mode and to provide a power supply voltage to thelinear regulator in the envelope tracking mode. The SIMO converterincludes a first capacitor connected with a power supply terminal of thelinear regulator and a second capacitor selectively connected with anoutput terminal of the linear regulator through a first switch. A maincontroller is configured to decide the tracking mode and to control atleast one of the first switch, the linear regulator, the switchingregulator, and the single inductor multiple output converter based onthe decided tracking mode.

According to an exemplary embodiment, a supply modulator is driven in atracking mode of an envelope tracking mode and an average power trackingmode to provide an output voltage to a power amplifier. The supplymodulator includes a linear regulator configured to generate the outputvoltage in the envelope tracking mode. A switching regulator isconfigured to generate, with the linear regulator, the output voltage inthe envelope tracking mode and to selectively operate to generate theoutput voltage in the average power tracking mode. A boost-buckconverter is configured to provide a power supply voltage to the linearregulator in the envelope tracking mode and includes a first capacitorconnected with a power supply terminal of the linear regulator. A linearcharger is configured to selectively operate with the switchingregulator to generate the output voltage in the average power trackingmode and includes a second capacitor selectively connected with anoutput terminal of the linear regulator through a switch. A maincontroller is configured to decide the tracking mode and to control atleast one of the switch, the linear regulator, the switching regulator,the boost-buck converter, and the linear charger based on the decidedtracking mode.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The above and other objects and features of the present disclosure willbecome apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereofwith reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless communicationapparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating how a digital transmissionprocessing unit illustrated in FIG. 1 processes signals.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless communicationapparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a first example of a supplymodulator included in a wireless communication apparatus according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating a single inductor multipleoutput converter illustrated in FIG. 4 .

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a switching regulatorillustrated in FIG. 4 .

FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating a mechanism in which efficiency of asupply modulator is improved by an AC coupling capacitor illustrated inFIG. 4 .

FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating a mechanism in which an output voltage isgenerated in an envelope tracking mode.

FIGS. 9A to 10 are diagrams illustrating waveform characteristics of anoutput voltage according to a tracking mode.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an average power tracking modeoperation of a supply modulator of FIG. 4 .

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an envelope tracking mode operation ofa supply modulator of FIG. 4 .

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a capacitor charging operationperformed by a supply modulator of FIG. 4 to maintain a voltage level ofan output voltage when a tracking mode is changed.

FIGS. 14A and 14B are graphs illustrating a mechanism in which a voltagelevel of a second modulation voltage varies.

FIGS. 15A and 15B are graphs illustrating a mechanism in which an outputvoltage varies when a mode is switched from an average power trackingmode to an envelope tracking mode.

FIGS. 16A and 16B are graphs illustrating a mechanism in which an outputvoltage varies in an envelope tracking mode.

FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram illustrating a second example of a supplymodulator included in a wireless communication apparatus according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram illustrating a boost-buck converterillustrated in FIG. 17 .

FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram illustrating a linear charger illustratedin FIG. 17 .

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an average power tracking modeoperation of a supply modulator of FIG. 17 .

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an envelope tracking mode operation ofa supply modulator of FIG. 17 .

FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a capacitor charging operationperformed by a supply modulator of FIG. 17 to maintain a voltage levelof a modulation voltage generated according to average power tracking.

FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram illustrating a third example of a supplymodulator included in a wireless communication apparatus according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram illustrating a single inductor multipleoutput converter illustrated in FIG. 23 .

FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating an average power tracking modeoperation of a supply modulator of FIG. 23 .

FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating an envelope tracking mode operation ofa supply modulator of FIG. 23 .

FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a capacitor charging operationperformed by a supply modulator of FIG. 23 to change a voltage level ofa modulation voltage generated according to average power tracking.

FIGS. 28A and 28B are graphs illustrating a mechanism in which a voltagelevel of a second modulation voltage varies.

FIGS. 29A and 29B are graphs illustrating a mechanism in which an outputvoltage varies when a mode is switched from an average power trackingmode to an envelope tracking mode.

FIGS. 30A and 30B are graphs illustrating a mechanism in which an outputvoltage varies in an envelope tracking mode.

FIG. 31 is a circuit diagram illustrating a fourth example of a supplymodulator included in a wireless communication apparatus according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 32 is a circuit diagram illustrating a fifth example of a supplymodulator included in a wireless communication apparatus according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 33 is a circuit diagram illustrating a sixth example of a supplymodulator included in a wireless communication apparatus according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 34 is a block diagram illustrating an Internet of Things (IoT)apparatus to which a wireless communication apparatus according to someembodiments of the present disclosure is applied.

FIG. 35 is a block diagram illustrating a mobile terminal to which awireless communication apparatus according to some embodiments of thepresent disclosure is applied.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Below, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detailwith reference to accompanying drawings.

The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the presentdisclosure will become apparent from the description of the embodimentsgiven in conjunction with the drawings. However, the present disclosuremay be variously implemented in different forms, not limited to thefollowing embodiments. The embodiments make the description of thepresent disclosure to which the present disclosure pertains complete.Also, the embodiments are provided to inform those skilled in the art ofthe claims of the present disclosure completely, and the presentdisclosure is defined only by the claims. Specific components describedonly in each embodiment of the present disclosure may also be applied toany other embodiments. The same reference numerals denote the samecomponents throughout the specification.

The expression “one element is connected to or coupled to any otherelement” includes all the cases: one element is directly connected to orcoupled to any other element, and one element is connected to or coupledto any other element through an intermediate element. In contrast, theexpression “one element is directly connected to or directly coupled toany other element” means that an intermediate element is not interposedbetween the elements. The same reference numerals denote the sameelements throughout the specification. As used herein, the term “and/or”includes each of the associated listed items and one all combinations ofone or more thereof.

It will be understood that, although the terms “first”, “second”, etc.,may be used herein to describe various elements, components, and/orsections, these elements, components, and/or sections should not belimited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish oneelement, component, or section from another element, component, orsection. Thus, a first element, a first component, or a first sectiondiscussed below could be termed a second element, a second component, ora second section without departing from the teachings of the presentdisclosure.

The terms used herein are provided to describe the embodiments but notto limit the present disclosure. In the specification, the singularforms include plural forms unless particularly mentioned. The terms“comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in the specification, specifythe presence of steps, operations, and/or components, but do notpreclude the presence or addition of one or more other steps,operations, and components.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by thoseskilled in the art to which the present disclosure pertains. It will befurther understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly useddictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that isconsistent with their meaning in the context of the specification andrelevant art and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overlyformal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless communicationapparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2is a block diagram illustrating how a digital transmission processingunit illustrated in FIG. 1 processes signals.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a wireless communication apparatus 1 according toan embodiment of the present disclosure may include a MODEM 100, a radiofrequency integrated circuit (RFIC) 200, a supply modulator 300, aduplexer 400, a power amplifier PA, and an antenna ANT.

The MODEM 100 may include a digital transmission processing unit 110, adigital reception processing unit 120, a plurality of digital-to-analogconverters DAC1 and DAC2, an analog-to-digital converter ADC, and amobile industry processor interface (MIPI) 130.

The MODEM 100 may process a baseband signal BB_T (e.g., including an Isignal and a Q signal) including information to be transmitted throughthe digital transmission processing unit 110 in compliance with a givencommunication scheme. The MODEM 100 may process a received basebandsignal BB_R through the digital reception processing unit 120 incompliance with the given communication scheme. For example, the MODEM100 may process a signal to be transmitted or a received signal incompliance with a communication scheme such as OFDM (OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing), OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiple access), WCDMA (Wideband Code Multiple Access), or HSPA+(HighSpeed Packet Access+). In addition, the MODEM 100 may process thebaseband signal BB_T or BB_R in compliance with various kinds ofcommunication schemes (i.e., various communication schemes to which atechnology for modulating or demodulating an amplitude and a frequencyof the baseband signal BB_T or BB_R is applied).

The MODEM 100 may extract an envelope of the baseband signal BB_Tthrough the digital transmission processing unit 110 and may generate adigital envelope signal D_ENV based on the extracted envelope. The MODEM100 may generate an average power signal D_REF based on an average powertracking table (i.e., an APT table) stored in a memory (e.g., 1300 ofFIG. 34 or 2200 of FIG. 35 ). Here, the extracted envelope maycorrespond to an amplitude component (i.e., a magnitude of the I signaland the Q signals) of the baseband signal BB_T.

The APT table may store information of a necessary power supply voltageof the power amplifier PA according to an expected output power (or atransmission power) of the antenna ANT and information of an averagepower signal corresponding to the necessary power supply voltage of thepower amplifier PA. As such, when the expected output power of theantenna ANT is decided, the MODEM 100 may generate the average powersignal D_REF by using the APT table and may provide the generatedaverage power signal D_REF to the supply modulator 300 as a referencevoltage signal.

Here, referring to FIG. 2 , a detailed signal processing procedure ofthe digital transmission processing unit 110 is illustrated.

In detail, the digital transmission processing unit 110 may performvarious operations through crest factor reduction (CFR) 111, a shapingfunction (SF) 112, a digital pre-distortion (DPD) 113, a first delay(DELAY1) 114, a second delay (DELAY2) 115, as well as the aboveoperations of processing a baseband signal, extracting an envelope, andgenerating a digital envelope signal.

The CFR 111 may reduce a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of acommunication signal (e.g., the baseband signal BB_T). The SF 112 maymodify the digital envelope signal D_ENV such that efficiency andlinearity of the power amplifier PA are improved, and the DPD 113 maycompensate for distortion of the power amplifier PA in a digital domainso as to be linearized. The first delay 114 may correct a delay of thedigital envelope signal D_ENV, and the second delay 115 may correct adelay of the baseband signal BB_T.

The digital transmission processing unit 110 having the aboveconfiguration may output the digital envelope signal D_ENV and thebaseband signal BB_T. The digital envelope signal D_ENV may be convertedinto an analog envelope signal A_ENV through the first digital-to-analogconverter DAC1, and the analog envelope signal A_ENV may be provided tothe supply modulator 300; the baseband signal BB_T may be converted intoa transmit signal TX through the second digital-to-analog converterDAC2, and the transmit signal TX may be provided to a transmissioncircuit TXC.

Although not illustrated in the drawings, the digital transmissionprocessing unit 110 may further include an internal component to processthe above operations (i.e., baseband signal processing, envelopeextraction, and digital envelope signal generation). Also, the internalconfiguration of the digital transmission processing unit 110illustrated in FIG. 2 is, but is not limited to, only an exemplaryembodiment.

Returning to FIG. 1 , the MODEM 100 may perform digital-to-analogconversion on the baseband signal BB_T and the digital envelope signalD_ENV by using the plurality of digital-to-analog converters DAC1 andDAC2 included therein and may generate the transmit signal TX and theanalog envelope signal A_ENV as analog signals. Also, the average powersignal D_REF output from the MODEM 100 may be a digital signal. As such,the average power signal D_REF may be provided to a digital-to-analogconverter included in the supply modulator 300 through the MIPI 130 andmay be converted into an analog signal, for example, the referencevoltage signal through the digital-to-analog converter included in thesupply modulator 300. In an embodiment, the digital-to-analog convertersDAC1 and DAC2 included in the MODEM 100 may operate at a speed higherthan the digital-to-analog converter included in the supply modulator300.

Of course, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example,the MODEM 100 may convert the average power signal D_REF into an analogsignal through a digital-to-analog converter included therein. In thiscase, the MODEM 100 may provide average power signal converted into theanalog signal to the supply modulator 300 as a reference voltage signal.

However, for convenience of description, in the embodiment of thepresent disclosure the MODEM 100 provides the average power signal D_REFto the digital-to-analog converter included in the supply modulator 300through the MIPI 130.

In an embodiment, each of the transmit signal TX and the analog envelopesignal A_ENV may be implemented with differential signals including apositive signal and a negative signal.

Also, the MODEM 100 may be provided with a receive signal RX as ananalog signal from the RFIC 200. The MODEM 100 may performanalog-to-digital conversion on the receive signal RX through theanalog-to-digital converter ADC included therein and may extract thebaseband signal BB_R as a digital signal. Here, the receive signal RXmay be implemented with differential signals including a positive signaland a negative signal.

The RFIC 200 may generate an RF input signal RF_IN by performingfrequency up-conversion on the transmit signal TX or may generate thereceive signal RX by performing frequency down-conversion on an RFreceive signal RF_R. In detail, the RFIC 200 may include a transmissioncircuit TXC for frequency up-conversion, a reception circuit RXC forfrequency down-conversion, and a local oscillator LO.

Here, the transmission circuit TXC may include a first analog basebandfilter ABF1, a first mixer MX1, and an amplifier 210. For example, thefirst analog baseband filter ABF1 may include a low pass filter.

The first analog baseband filter ABF1 may filter the transmit signal TXreceived from the MODEM 100 so as to be provided to the first mixer MX1.The first mixer MX1 may perform frequency up-conversion for converting afrequency of the transmit signal TX from a baseband to a high-frequencyband through a frequency signal provided by the local oscillator LO. Thetransmit signal TX may be provided to the amplifier 210 as the RF inputsignal RF_IN through the frequency up-conversion, and the amplifier 210may amplify a power of the RF input signal RF_IN so as to be provided tothe power amplifier PA.

The power amplifier PA may be supplied with a power supply voltage(i.e., a dynamically variable output voltage) from the supply modulator300, may amplify a power of the RF input signal RF_IN based on thesupplied power supply voltage, and may generate an RF output signalRF_OUT. The power amplifier PA may provide the generated RF outputsignal RF_OUT thus generated to the duplexer 400.

The reception circuit RXC may include a second analog baseband filterABF2, a second mixer MX2, and a low-noise amplifier 220. For example,the second analog baseband filter ABF2 may include a low pass filter.

The low-noise amplifier 220 may amplify the RF receive signal RF_Rprovided from the duplexer 400 so as to be provided to the second mixerMX2. The second mixer MX2 may perform frequency down-conversion forconverting a frequency of the RF receive signal RF_R from ahigh-frequency band to a baseband through a frequency signal provided bythe local oscillator LO. The RF receive signal RF_R may be provided tothe second analog baseband filter ABF2 as the receive signal RX throughthe above frequency down-conversion, and the second analog basebandfilter ABF2 may filter the receive signal RX so as to be provided to theMODEM 100.

In an embodiment, the wireless communication apparatus 1 may transmit atransmit signal through a plurality of frequency bands by using carrieraggregation (CA). Also, to this end, the wireless communicationapparatus 1 may include a plurality of power amplifiers for amplifyingpowers of a plurality of RF input signals RF_IN respectivelycorresponding to a plurality of carriers. However, in the embodiment ofthe present disclosure, for convenience of description, the descriptionwill be given in which the number of power amplifiers is “1”.

The supply modulator 300 may generate a modulated output voltage, thelevel of which varies dynamically, based on the analog envelope signalA_ENV and the average power signal D_REF and may provide the modulatedoutput voltage to the power amplifier PA as a power supply voltage.

In detail, the MODEM 100 may provide the supply modulator 300 with theaverage power signal D_REF and the analog envelope signal A_ENV. Thesupply modulator 300 may be driven in a tracking mode corresponding toone of an ET mode and an APT mode based on the average power signalD_REF and the analog envelope signal A_ENV thus provided and maygenerate the dynamically variable output voltage. Also, the supplymodulator 300 may supply the generated output voltage to the poweramplifier PA as the power supply voltage.

In an embodiment, when the power supply voltage of a fixed level isapplied to the power amplifier PA, power efficiency of the poweramplifier PA decreases. Accordingly, to efficiently manage the power ofthe power amplifier PA, the power amplifier PA may modulate an inputvoltage (i.e., power provided from a battery) (e.g., VBAT of FIG. 5 )based on at least one of the analog envelope signal A_ENV and theaverage power signal D_REF and may provide the modulated voltage to thepower amplifier PA as the power supply voltage.

Meanwhile, the supply modulator 300 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may include two or more capacitors that arecharged/discharged before and after the tracking mode or a change timepoint of the output voltage. As such, the supply modulator 300 accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure is higher in a change speedof an output voltage than a conventional supply modulator.

That is, in the conventional supply modulator, a load capacitor for theAPT mode performs a role of a load capacitor for power supply of the ETmode. In this case, it is difficult to complete a magnitude change of anoutput voltage within a short time only by using a limited currentamount of a single load capacitor (i.e., a limited charging/dischargingspeed), and a signal distortion phenomenon such as an output clippingphenomenon may also occur.

However, for a change of the tracking mode or a magnitude change of theoutput voltage, the supply modulator 300 according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure may include two or more load capacitors that arechanged/discharged before or after the tracking mode or a change timepoint of the output voltage, and thus, a signal distortion phenomenonsuch as an output clipping phenomenon may be prevented while completinga magnitude change of the output voltage within a short time.

The supply modulator 300 will be more fully described below.

The duplexer 400 may be connected with the antenna ANT and may separatea transmission frequency from a reception frequency. In detail, theduplexer 400 may separate the RF output signal RF_OUT provided from thepower amplifier PA for each frequency band so as to be provided to thecorresponding antenna ANT. Also, the duplexer 400 may provide anexternal signal provided from the antenna ANT to the low-noise amplifier220 of the reception circuit RXC of the RFIC 200. For example, theduplexer 400 may include a front end module with integrated duplexer(FEMiD).

In an embodiment, the wireless communication apparatus 1 may include aswitch structure capable of separating the transmission frequency andthe reception frequency instead of the duplexer 400. Also, the wirelesscommunication apparatus 1 may include a structure implemented with theduplexer 400 and a switch for the purpose of separating the transmissionfrequency and the reception frequency. However, for convenience ofdescription, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the descriptionwill be given as the duplexer 400 capable of separating the transmissionfrequency and the reception frequency is included in the wirelesscommunication apparatus 1.

The antenna ANT may transmit the RF output signal RF_OUTfrequency-separated by the duplexer 400 to the outside or may providethe RF receive signal RF_R received from the outside to the duplexer400. For example, the antenna ANT may include, but is not limited to, anarray antenna.

In an embodiment, each of the MODEM 100, the supply modulator 300, theRFIC 200, the power amplifier PA, and the duplexer 400 may beimplemented with an integrated circuit, a chip, or a module. Also, theMODEM 100, the supply modulator 300, the RFIC 200, the power amplifierPA, and the duplexer 400 may be mounted together on a printed circuitboard (PCB). However, the technical idea of the present disclosure isnot limited thereto. In some embodiments, at least a part of the MODEM100, the supply modulator 300, the RFIC 200, the power amplifier PA, andthe duplexer 400 may be implemented with a single communication chip.

In addition, the wireless communication apparatus 1 illustrated in FIG.1 may be included in a wireless communication system that uses acellular network such as 5G, LTE and may also be included in a wirelesslocal area network (WLAN) system or any other wireless communicationsystem. In an embodiment, a configuration of the wireless communicationapparatus 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 is, but is not limited to, anexemplary embodiment, and may be variously configured in compliance witha communication protocol or a communication scheme.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless communicationapparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

A wireless communication apparatus 2 has the same configuration,function, and effect as the wireless communication apparatus 1 exceptfor the description associated with the analog envelope signal A_ENV,and thus, a difference will be mainly described.

Referring to FIG. 3 , a wireless communication apparatus 2 according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure may include the MODEM 100,the RFIC 200, the supply modulator 300, the duplexer 400, the poweramplifier PA, and the antenna ANT.

The MODEM 100 may process the baseband signal BB_T through the firstdigital transmission processing unit 110 in compliance with a givencommunication scheme. The MODEM 100 may provide the processed basebandsignal BB_T to the RFIC 200 through a digital interface DI. Also, theMODEM 100 may extract an envelope of the baseband signal BB_T throughthe first digital transmission processing unit 110 and may generate theaverage power signal D_REF based on the extracted envelope.

Here, the average power signal D_REF may be provided to the supplymodulator 300 as a reference voltage signal. That is, the average powersignal D_REF output from the MODEM 100 may be a digital signal. As such,the average power signal D_REF may be provided to a digital-to-analogconverter included in the supply modulator 300 through the MIPI 130 andmay be converted into an analog signal, for example, the referencevoltage signal through the digital-to-analog converter included in thesupply modulator 300. In an embodiment, the digital-to-analog convertersDAC1 and DAC2 included in the RFIC 200 may operate at a speed higherthan the digital-to-analog converter included in the supply modulator300.

The MODEM 100 may provide the RFIC 200 with the baseband signal BB_Tthrough the digital interface DI. Also, the RFIC 200 may extract anenvelope of the baseband signal BB_T through a second digitaltransmission processing unit 205 included therein and may generate thedigital envelope signal D_ENV based on the extracted envelope.

The RFIC 200 may perform digital-to-analog conversion on the basebandsignal BB_T and the digital envelope signal D_ENV by using the pluralityof digital-to-analog converters DAC1 and DAC2 and may generate thetransmit signal TX and the analog envelope signal A_ENV as analogsignals. Also, the RFIC 200 may generate the RF input signal RF_IN byperforming frequency up-conversion on the transmit signal TX through thetransmission circuit TXC and may provide the analog envelope signalA_ENV to the supply modulator 300.

The supply modulator 300 may generate a modulated voltage, the level ofwhich varies dynamically, based on the analog envelope signal A_ENV andthe average power signal D_REF and may provide the modulated voltage tothe power amplifier PA as the power supply voltage.

In detail, the MODEM 100 may provide the supply modulator 300 with theaverage power signal D_REF and the RFIC 200 may provide the supplymodulator 300 with the analog envelope signal A_ENV. The supplymodulator 300 may be driven in the tracking mode corresponding to one ofthe ET mode and the APT mode based on the average power signal D_REF andthe analog envelope signal A_ENV thus provided and may generate thedynamically variable output voltage. Also, the supply modulator 300 maysupply the generated output voltage to the power amplifier PA as thepower supply voltage.

Here, the supply modulator 300 may be provided with the analog envelopesignal A_ENV from the RFIC 200 when driven in the ET mode and may beprovided with the average power signal D_REF from the MODEM 100 when theaverage power signal D_REF is updated at an internal register (notillustrated).

In an embodiment, a configuration of the wireless communicationapparatus 2 illustrated in FIG. 3 is, but is not limited to, anexemplary embodiment, and may be variously configured in compliance witha communication protocol or a communication scheme.

The wireless communication apparatuses 1 and 2 according to someembodiments of the present disclosure have the above configurations andfeatures. Below, a first example of a supply modulator included in eachof the wireless communication apparatuses 1 and 2 according to someembodiments of the present disclosure will be described with referenceto FIGS. 4 to 16B.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a first example of a supplymodulator included in a wireless communication apparatus according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is a circuit diagramillustrating a single inductor multiple output converter illustrated inFIG. 4 . FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a switching regulatorillustrated in FIG. 4 . FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating a mechanism inwhich efficiency of a supply modulator is improved by an alternatingcurrent (AC) coupling capacitor illustrated in FIG. 4 . FIG. 8 is agraph illustrating a mechanism in which an output voltage is generatedin an envelope tracking mode. FIGS. 9A to 10 are diagrams illustratingwaveform characteristics of an output voltage according to a trackingmode. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an average power tracking modeoperation of a supply modulator of FIG. 4 . FIG. 12 is a diagramillustrating an envelope tracking mode operation of a supply modulatorof FIG. 4 . FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a capacitor chargingoperation performed by a supply modulator of FIG. 4 to maintain avoltage level of a modulation voltage generated according to averagepower tracking. FIGS. 14A and 14B are graphs illustrating a mechanism inwhich a voltage level of a second modulation voltage varies. FIGS. 15Aand 15B are graphs illustrating a mechanism in which an output voltagevaries when a mode is switched from an average power tracking mode to anenvelope tracking mode. FIGS. 16A and 16B are graphs illustrating amechanism in which an output voltage varies in an envelope trackingmode.

In an embodiment, below, for convenience of description, it is assumedthat a supply modulator 300-1 is implemented with the supply modulator300 of the wireless communication apparatus 2 illustrated in FIG. 3 .

Referring to FIG. 4 , the first example 300-1 of a supply modulatoraccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include asingle inductor multiple output buck-boost converter (hereinafterreferred to as an “SIMO converter”) 310, a switching regulator 330, alinear regulator LA, a noise reduction unit 370, a feedback unit 390, anAC coupling capacitor CAC, a switch SW, a plurality of digital-to-analogconverters DAC_a, DAC_b, and DAC_c, and a main controller 360.

The SIMO converter 310 may selectively operate with the switchingregulator 330 for the purpose of generating an output voltage VET_APT inthe APT mode and may operate to provide the power supply voltage to thelinear regulator LA in the ET mode. Also, the SIMO converter 310 mayinclude: (1) a first capacitor C1 that is connected with a power supplyterminal of the linear regulator LA and is charged/discharged for achange of the tracking mode or a magnitude change of the output voltageVET_APT and (2) a second capacitor C2 that is selectively connected withan output terminal of the linear regulator LA through the switch SW andis charged/discharged for a change of the tracking mode or a magnitudechange of the output voltage VET_APT. The SIMO converter 310 may becontrolled by the main controller 360.

Here, that the SIMO converter 310 selectively operates with theswitching regulator 330 means that only one of the SIMO converter 310and the switching regulator 330 operates in the APT mode to generate theoutput voltage VET_APT.

Also, that the second capacitor C2 is selectively connected with theoutput terminal of the linear regulator LA through the switch SW meansthat the second capacitor C2 is connected with or disconnected from theoutput terminal of the linear regulator LA depending on a turn-on or aturn-off of the switch SW.

D1 and D_REF of digital signals provided from the MODEM 100 may beconverted into reference voltage signals VREF_VLA and VREF_APT throughthe digital-to-analog converters DAC_a and DAC_b, respectively. Also,the reference voltage signals VREF_VLA and VREF_APT respectivelyconverted through the digital-to-analog converters DAC_a and DAC_b maybe provided to the SIMO converter 310.

In an embodiment, the digital signal D1 that forms the basis of thereference voltage signal VREF_VLA may indicate a reference power supplyvoltage value that is necessary for the linear regulator LA and is setin advance by the MODEM 100 based on an operation state of the supplymodulator 300-1 and may be used for comparison with VDD_LA at the supplymodulator 300. For example, the digital signal D1 may be provided fromthe MODEM 100 to the supply modulator 300-1 through an MIPI (e.g., 130of FIG. 3 ).

An embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in which theplurality of digital signals D1, D2, and D_REF and the plurality ofreference voltage signals VREF_VLA, VREF_APT, and VREF_VAC are used.

The SIMO converter 310 may generate and output a plurality of voltagesVO1 and VO2 based on the plurality of reference voltage signals VREF_VLAand VREF_APT. That is, the SIMO converter 310 may step up or step downan input voltage (i.e., a power (e.g., VBAT of FIG. 5 ) provided from abattery) based on the plurality of reference voltage signals VREF_VLAand VREF_APT and may generate and output the plurality of voltages VO1and VO2.

In detail, the SIMO converter 310 may provide one voltage (e.g., thefirst voltage VO1) to the linear regulator LA as a power supply voltageand may provide the other voltage (e.g., the second voltage VO2) to apower amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT.

In an embodiment, the reference voltage signals VREF_VLA and VREF_APTmay be generated every transmission time interval (hereinafter referredto as a “TTI”) (e.g., a TTI unit of 4G and LTE being a sub-frame and aTTI unit of 5G being a slot) of a baseband signal (e.g., BB_T of FIG. 3). Accordingly, levels of the plurality of reference voltage signalsVREF_VLA and VREF_APT may vary every TTI, and level of the plurality ofvoltages VO1 and VO2 that respectively correspond to the plurality ofreference voltage signals VREF_VLA and VREF_APT may also vary every TTI.As such, the levels of the plurality of voltages VO1 and VO2 maydynamically vary.

Referring to FIG. 5 , an exemplary configuration of the SIMO converter310 is illustrated. In detail, the SIMO converter 310 may include aconversion circuit 311 and a converter controller 312.

The conversion circuit 311 may include one inductor LBB1, a plurality ofconversion switches SA1, SA2 and SA3, a plurality of output switches SA4and SA5, and a plurality of capacitors C1 and C2. As such, theconversion circuit 311 may be implemented with a buck-boosting converterthat bucks (or steps down) or boosts (or steps up) the input voltageVBAT. Also, the conversion circuit 311 may generate the plurality ofvoltages VO1 and VO2 under control of the converter controller 312. Theplurality of capacitors C1 and C2 may uniformly maintain voltage levelsof the plurality of voltages VO1 and VO2.

For example, the plurality of capacitors C1 and C2 may be loadcapacitors and a capacity of each of the plurality of capacitors C1 andC2 may be from several to hundreds of uF (microfarads). Also, theplurality of capacitors C1 and C2 may not be included in the SIMOconverter 310. That is, the plurality of capacitors C1 and C2 may beprovided outside the SIMO converter 310. However, for convenience ofdescription, an embodiment of the present disclosure will be describedin which the plurality of capacitors C1 and C2 are provided within theSIMO converter 310.

The converter controller 312 may generate switching control signals forcontrolling the plurality of switches SA1 to SA5 based on the pluralityof reference voltage signals VREF_APT and VREF_VLA. The plurality ofvoltages VO1 and VO2 may be generated as the plurality of switches SA1to SA5 are turned on or turned off by the switching control signals.

In detail, the converter controller 312 may generate the switchingcontrol signals for controlling the plurality of switches SA1 to SA5 byusing a pulse width modulation (PWM) or a pulse frequency modulation(PFM) scheme based on the plurality of reference voltage signalsVREF_APT and VREF_VLA. The plurality of voltages VO1 and VO2 having adesired level may be generated as the plurality of switches SA1 to SA5are turned on or turned off by the switching control signals. Also, aslevels of the plurality of voltages VO1 and VO2 are fed back to theconverter controller 312 (i.e., VO1 being fed back as VDD_LA and VO2being fed back as VOUT_APT), the converter controller 312 may controlthe switching control signals such that each of the plurality ofvoltages VO1 and VO2 is set to a desired level.

In an embodiment, the configuration of the SIMO converter 310illustrated in FIG. 5 is, but is not limited to, only an exemplaryembodiment.

Returning to FIG. 4 , the linear regulator LA may operate to generatethe output voltage VET_APT in the ET mode. Also, the linear regulator LAmay be controlled by the main controller 360.

In detail, the linear regulator LA may be provided with an analogenvelope signal (e.g., A_ENV of FIG. 3 ) from an RFIC (e.g., 200 of FIG.3 ) and may be provided with the first voltage VO1 from the SIMOconverter 310 as a power supply voltage. Also, the linear regulator LAmay amplify and output the provided analog envelope signal (e.g., A_ENVof FIG. 3 ). As such, in the ET mode, the linear regulator LA mayoperate in parallel with the switching regulator 330 to generate theoutput voltage VET_APT.

The linear regulator LA may be connected in parallel with the switchingregulator 330 and, for example, may be implemented with a linearamplifier. Also, the linear regulator LA may be implemented with adifferential amplifier as illustrated in FIG. 4 and may receive apositive signal ENV_P and a negative signal ENV_N of the analog envelopesignal (e.g., A_ENV of FIG. 3 ) through a positive terminal (+) and anegative terminal (−), respectively. An output of the linear regulatorLA may be fed back to the negative terminal (−) of the linear regulatorLA through the feedback unit 390, and thus, an output level of thelinear regulator LA may be adjusted to a desired level. That is, thefeedback unit 390 may allow a voltage VLA output from the linearregulator LA and the voltage VO1 input to the linear regulator LA tohave a linear relationship such that the output level of the linearregulator LA is set to a desired level.

The switching regulator 330 may operate together with the linearregulator LA for the purpose of generating the output voltage VET_APT inthe ET mode and may selectively operate with the SIMO converter 310 forthe purpose of generating the output voltage VET_APT in the APT mode.Also, the switching regulator 330 may be controlled by the maincontroller 360.

In detail, in the ET mode, the switching regulator 330 may operate inparallel with the linear regulator LA. That is, the switching regulator330 may increase or decrease the output voltage VET_APT by controlling aturn-on or a turn-off of a switch (i.e., SB1 to SB10 of FIG. 6 )included therein, based on the reference voltage signal VREF_VACprovided through the digital-to-analog converter DAC_c, a sensing signalISA of a current ILA output from the linear regulator LA, and a voltageVAC of the AC coupling capacitor CAC.

Meanwhile, in the APT mode, when not the SIMO converter 310 but theswitching regulator 330 operates, the switching regulator 330 mayindependently regulate an input voltage (i.e., a power (e.g., VBAT ofFIG. 6 ) provided from a battery) to a target level. The switchingregulator 330 may provide a regulated voltage VSW to the power amplifier(e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT.

In an embodiment, D_REF and D2 of the digital signals provided from theMODEM 100 may be converted into reference voltage signals VREF_APT andVREF_VAC through digital-to-analog converters DAC_b and DAC_c,respectively. The converted reference voltage signals VREF_APT andVREF_VAC may be provided to the switching regulator 330.

In an embodiment, the digital signal D2 that forms the basis of thereference voltage signal VREF_VAC may indicate a reference voltage valuethat is set in advance by the MODEM 100 based on an operation state ofthe supply modulator 300-1 and may be used for comparison with VAC atthe switching regulator 330. For example, the digital signal D2 ofVREF_VAC may be provided from the MODEM 100 to the supply modulator300-1 through the MIPI (e.g., 130 of FIG. 3 ).

As such, the switching regulator 330 may generate the modulation voltageVSW by using the reference voltage signals VREF_APT and VREF_VAC whendriven in the APT mode or the ET mode.

Meanwhile, for example, the switching regulator 330 may include, but isnot limited to, a dual-phase hybrid buck-boost converter. That is, theswitching regulator 330 may include a buck converter, a boost converter,a buck-boost converter, a ćuk converter, or any other DC-DC converter.

Referring to FIG. 6 , an exemplary configuration of the switchingregulator 330 is illustrated. The switching regulator 330 may include aregulator controller 333, a plurality of switches SB1 to SB10, aninductor LET, and a plurality of capacitors CF1 and CF2.

The plurality of switches SB1 to SB10, the inductor LET, and theplurality of capacitors CF1 and CF2 may constitute a buck-boostconverter and may decrease or increase the input voltage VBAT.

For example, the plurality of capacitors CF1 and CF2 may be, but is notlimited to, a flying capacitor. Also, the inductor LET may be a powerinductor for supporting an ET mode operation of the switching regulator330. As such, unlike an inductor (e.g., LBB1 of FIG. 5 ) of the SIMOconverter 310, the inductor LET may be connected with an output terminalof a converter structure to perform a role of supporting a continuouscurrent waveform.

In an embodiment, the inductor LET may not be included in the switchingregulator 330. That is, the inductor LET may be provided outside theswitching regulator 330. However, for convenience of description, anembodiment of the present disclosure will be described in which theinductor LET is included in the switching regulator 330.

The regulator controller 333 may generate switching control signals forcontrolling the plurality of switches SB1 to SB10 based on the pluralityof reference voltage signals VREF_APT and VREF_VAC and the sensingsignal ISA of the output current ILA of the linear regulator LA. Assuch, the modulation voltage VSW may be generated as the plurality ofswitches SB1 to SB10 are respectively turned on or turned off by theswitching control signals.

In detail, as the regulator controller 333 controls signals forcontrolling the switches SB1 to SB10 by using the PWM or PFM schemebased on the plurality of reference voltage signals VREF_APT andVREF_VAC and the sensing signal ISA, the modulation voltage VSW of adesired level may be generated. Also, as a level of the modulationvoltage VSW is fed back to the regulator controller 333 (i.e., VSW beingfed back as VOUT_APT) in the APT mode and a level of the voltage VAC ofthe AC coupling capacitor CAC is fed back to the regulator controller333 in the ET mode, the regulator controller 333 may control theswitches SB1 to SB10 such that the level of the modulation voltage VSWis set to a desired level.

That is, in the APT mode, the regulator controller 333 may compare thereference voltage signal VREF_APT and a current modulation voltage VSW(i.e., VOUT_APT) to adjust a switching control signal. Also, in the ETmode, the regulator controller 333 may adjust a switching control signalbased on the reference voltage signal VREF_VAC, the voltage VAC of theAC coupling capacitor CAC, and the sensing signal ISA.

In an embodiment, the case where the sensing signal ISA indicates that adirection of the output current ILA of the linear regulator LA has anoutput direction (e.g., that a current is output from the linearregulator LA) may mean that an output current amount of the switchingregulator 330 is smaller than a necessary current amount for the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) and thus the linear regulator LA issupplying an additional current to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG.3 ).

In contrast, the case where the sensing signal ISA indicates that adirection of the output current ILA of the linear regulator LA has aninput direction (e.g., that a current is applied to the linear regulatorLA) may mean that an output current amount of the switching regulator330 is greater than a necessary current amount for the power amplifier(e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) and thus the linear regulator LA is draining (orabsorbing) a surplus current. This will be more fully described below.

In an embodiment, the configuration of the switching regulator 330illustrated in FIG. 6 is, but is not limited to, only an exemplaryembodiment.

Returning to FIG. 4 , the noise reduction unit 370 may be provided withthe analog envelope signals ENV_P and ENV_N from the RFIC (e.g., 200 ofFIG. 3 ) and may remove a noise of the provided analog envelope signalsENV_P and ENV_N so as to be provided to the linear regulator LA. Also,the noise reduction unit 370 may be controlled by the main controller360. For example, the noise reduction unit 370 may include a low passfilter or an input buffer. In an embodiment, the low pass filter ischaracterized in that a specific gain value is obtained while removing ahigh-frequency noise of an image signal or a baseband of adigital-to-analog converter. The input buffer is characterized in that awide band characteristic is implemented by a wide cover bandwidth eventhough noise reduction performance is lower than that of the low passfilter.

In addition, the noise reduction unit 370 may further include an averagepower tracking signal generator that controls the linear regulator LAsuch that the linear regulator LA outputs a voltage (i.e., a DC voltage)of a uniform level in the ET mode.

As such, to control the linear regulator LA such that the linearregulator LA outputs a voltage (i.e., a DC voltage) of a uniform levelin the ET mode, the average power tracking signal generator in the noisereduction unit 370 may be provided with the reference voltage signalVREF_APT from the digital-to-analog converter DAC_b. The average powertracking signal generator in the noise reduction unit 370 may generate acontrol signal (e.g., a DC input voltage of a uniform level) forcontrolling the linear regulator LA based on the provided referencevoltage signal VREF_APT. Of course, the average power tracking signalgenerator in the noise reduction unit 370 may provide the generatedcontrol signal to the linear regulator LA.

That is, in the case of removing a noise of the analog envelope signalsENV_P and ENV_N so as to be provided to the linear regulator LA, thenoise reduction unit 370 may operate as a low pass filter or an inputbuffer. In contrast, in the case of controlling the linear regulator LAsuch that the linear regulator LA outputs a voltage of a uniform levelin the ET mode, the noise reduction unit 370 may operate as the averagepower tracking signal generator. This operation of the noise reductionunit 370 may be controlled by the main controller 360.

Meanwhile, the main controller 360 may decide the tracking mode and maycontrol at least one of the switch SW, the linear regulator LA, theswitching regulator 330, the SIMO converter 310, and the noise reductionunit 370 based on the decided tracking mode. In detail, the maincontroller 360 may be provided with a tracking mode decision signal fromthe MODEM 100 through the MIPI (e.g., 130 of FIG. 3 ) and may decide thetracking mode of the supply modulator 300-1 based on the providedtracking mode decision signal.

As such, when the tracking mode is decided to be the ET mode, the maincontroller 360 may turn off the switch SW and may control a paralleloperation of the linear regulator LA and the switching regulator 330. Inthis case, the linear regulator LA and the switching regulator 330 maytogether generate a modulation voltage (hereinafter referred to a “firstmodulation voltage”) according to an ET and may provide the generatedfirst modulation voltage to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) asthe output voltage VET_APT.

In contrast, when the tracking mode is decided to be the APT mode, themain controller 360 may turn on the switch SW and may control an outputvoltage generating operation of one of the SIMO converter 310 and theswitching regulator 330. In this case, one of the linear regulator LAand the switching regulator 330 may generate a modulation voltage(hereinafter referred to a “second modulation voltage”) according to anAPT and may provide the generated second modulation voltage to the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT.

The main controller 360 may be provided with various signals (e.g.,various control signals such as an output voltage magnitude signal) fromthe MODEM 100 through the MIPI (e.g., 130 of FIG. 3 ) as well as thetracking mode decision signal and may control at least one of the switchSW, the linear regulator LA, the switching regulator 330, the SIMOconverter 310, the noise reduction unit 370, and the feedback unit 390based on the provided signals.

The AC coupling capacitor CAC may be connected between an outputterminal of the linear regulator LA and an output terminal of the supplymodulator 300-1 to decrease a necessary amount of a power supply voltageof the linear regulator LA.

In detail, as illustrated in FIG. 7 , because an output voltage level ofthe linear regulator LA necessary to achieve a target output voltage isdecreased by as much as the voltage VAC of the AC coupling capacitor CAC(i.e., because a necessary output voltage level of the linear regulatorLA is “VET_APT-VAC”), a power supply voltage that the linear regulatorLA requires may also be decreased. That is, as a necessary amount of thepower supply voltage of the linear regulator LA is decreased through theAC coupling capacitor CAC, the overall power efficiency of the supplymodulator 300-1 may be improved.

However, the AC coupling capacitor CAC may not be an essential componentof the supply modulator 300-1 and may thus be omitted. However, anembodiment of the present disclosure will be described in which thesupply modulator 300-1 includes the AC coupling capacitor CAC.

Meanwhile, the supply modulator 300-1 may further include an additionalcapacitor CET, an oscillator (not illustrated), and a bandgap referencecircuit (not illustrated), etc. in addition to the above components.

In detail, the additional capacitor CET may be connected with a nodebetween the output terminal of the linear regulator LA and the outputterminal of the supply modulator 300-1 and may remove a high-frequencynoise and a parasitic capacitance that may be present in a circuit ofthe supply modulator 300-1. Also, the oscillator is a circuit that maynecessarily use an NMOS structure (i.e., a gate-boosted NMOS structure)for the purpose of improving a characteristic of the switch SW. Thebandgap reference circuit is a circuit supplying a reference voltage ora reference current necessary for each component to operate and may havealmost no influence of process, voltage, and temperature variations.

As such, the supply modulator 300-1 may have the above configuration andcharacteristic. Also, the supply modulator 300-1 may be driven in onetracking mode of the ET mode and the APT mode based on the aboveconfiguration and characteristic and may provide the output voltageVET_APT to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ).

A mechanism in which the supply modulator 300-1 generates the outputvoltage VET_APT in the ET mode is illustrated in FIG. 8 .

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 8 , in the ET mode the switching regulator 330may supply an output current ISW based on the reference voltage signalVREF_APT. When a magnitude of the output current ISW of the switchingregulator 330 is smaller than a magnitude of a current IET_APT that thepower amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) requires, the linear regulator LAmay supply an additional current ILA_a to the power amplifier (e.g., PAof FIG. 3 ). In contrast, when the magnitude of the output current ISWof the switching regulator 330 is greater than the magnitude of thecurrent IET_APT that the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) requires,the linear regulator LA may drain (or absorb) a surplus current ILA_b.In an embodiment, the operation of the switching regulator 330 in the ETmode is more fully described with reference to FIG. 6 above.

Waveform characteristics of an output voltage according to a trackingmode are illustrated in FIGS. 9A and 9B.

First, FIG. 9A conceptually illustrates the APT in which a modulationvoltage, varying based on a peak level of an envelope RF_OUT_ENV of anRF output signal (e.g., RF_OUT of FIG. 3 ) every transmission timeinterval (TTI), is applied to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ).FIG. 9B conceptually illustrates the ET in which a modulation voltagetransiently following a level of the envelope RF_OUT_ENV of the RFoutput signal (e.g., RF_OUT of FIG. 3 ) is applied to the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ).

In an embodiment, the envelope RF_OUT_ENV of the RF output signal (e.g.,RF_OUT of FIG. 3 ) may be generated based on an amplitude (or magnitude)of the RF output signal (e.g., RF_OUT of FIG. 3 ).

As illustrated in FIG. 9A, the supply modulator 300-1 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may generate a modulation voltageV_APT variable depending on the APT and may provide the modulationvoltage V_APT to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as a powersupply voltage. In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 9B, the supplymodulator 300-1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure maygenerate the modulation voltage V_ET variable depending on the ET andmay provide the modulation voltage V_ET to the power amplifier (e.g., PAof FIG. 3 ) as a power supply voltage. Because a voltage differencebetween the RF output signal RF_OUT of the power amplifier (e.g., PA ofFIG. 3 ) and the modulation voltage (i.e., a voltage provided to thepower amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 )) of the supply modulator 300-1 isdecreased based on the above characteristic, it is possible to minimizea waste of energy and to improve a lifetime of a battery.

Meanwhile, in the case of power efficiency of the power amplifier (e.g.,PA of FIG. 3 ), power efficiency in the ET mode may be higher than powerefficiency in the APT mode. In contrast, in the case of power efficiencyof the supply modulator 300-1, power efficiency in the APT mode may behigher than power efficiency in the ET mode. In an embodiment, overallpower efficiency of a system, for example, efficiency of the wirelesscommunication apparatus 2 of FIG. 3 may be proportional to a product ofthe power efficiency of the supply modulator 300-1 and the powerefficiency of the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ).

For this reason, in a high power region where a power level of the RFoutput signal RF_OUT (in detail, a transmit power of an antenna (e.g.,ANT of FIG. 3 )) is high, overall power efficiency of a system is higherin the ET mode than in the APT mode. In contrast, in a low power regionwhere the power level of the RF output signal RF_OUT (in detail, atransmit power of an antenna (e.g., ANT of FIG. 3 ) is low), overallpower efficiency of a system is higher in the APT mode than in the ETmode.

As such, as illustrated in FIG. 10 , the supply modulator 300-1 may bedriven in one of the ET mode and the APT mode selectively depending on atransmit power TX Power of the antenna (e.g., ANT of FIG. 3 ) and maygenerate the output voltage VET_APT. As such, the supply modulator 300-1may be driven in the APT mode or the ET mode based on the aboveprinciple to generate the output voltage VET_APT, and an operation ofthe supply modulator 300-1 according to the tracking mode will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13 .

In an embodiment, in FIGS. 11 to 13 , a portion marked by a bold linerepresents an operation enable path in the corresponding drawing. Eachdrawing will be described with reference to FIG. 4 together.

First, referring to FIG. 11 , an operation of the supply modulator 300-1in the APT mode is illustrated.

The main controller 360 may be provided with an APT mode decision signalfrom the MODEM 100 and may decide the APT mode of the supply modulator300-1 based on the provided APT mode decision signal.

In this case, the main controller 360 may turn on the switch SW based onthe decided tracking mode. Also, one of the SIMO converter 310 and theswitching regulator 330 may generate the second modulation voltage VO2or VSW according to the APT under control of the main controller 360 andmay provide the generated second modulation voltage VO2 or VSW to thepower amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT.

In detail, to generate the second modulation voltage VSW according tothe APT, the switching regulator 330 may be provided with the referencevoltage signal VREF_APT from the digital-to-analog converter DAC_b. Theswitching regulator 330 may compare the reference voltage signalVREF_APT and the current output voltage VOUT_APT. Here, the currentoutput voltage VOUT_APT, which is a current voltage value of VSW, may bea voltage value of VET_APT according to a current tracking mode. Theswitching regulator 330 may generate the second modulation voltage VSWbased on a comparison result. Also, the switching regulator 330 mayprovide the generated second modulation voltage VSW to the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT. Ofcourse, even when the switching regulator 330 generates the secondmodulation voltage VSW, the switch SW may be turned on.

Although not illustrated in the drawings, to generate the secondmodulation voltage VO2 according to the APT, the SIMO converter 310 maybe provided with the reference voltage signal VREF_APT from thedigital-to-analog converter DAC_b. The SIMO converter 310 may comparethe reference voltage signal VREF_APT and the current output voltageVOUT_APT. Here, the current output voltage VOUT_APT, which is a currentvoltage value of VO2, may be a voltage value of VET_APT according to acurrent tracking mode. The SIMO converter 310 may generate the secondmodulation voltage VO2 based on a comparison result. Also, the SIMOconverter 310 may provide the generated second modulation voltage VO2 tothe power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT.

Next, referring to FIG. 12 , an operation of the supply modulator 300-1in the ET mode is illustrated.

The main controller 360 may be provided with an ET mode decision signalfrom the MODEM 100 and may decide the ET mode of the supply modulator300-1 based on the provided ET mode decision signal.

In this case, the main controller 360 may turn off the switch SW basedon the decided tracking mode. Also, the linear regulator LA and theswitching regulator 330 may together generate the first modulationvoltage according to the ET under control of the main controller 360 andmay provide the generated first modulation voltage to the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT.

In detail, the SIMO converter 310 may be provided with the referencevoltage signal VREF_VLA from the digital-to-analog converter DAC_a. TheSIMO converter 310 may compare the provided reference voltage signalVREF_VLA and a current output voltage (i.e., VO1 fed back as VDD_LA) ofthe SIMO converter 310. The SIMO converter 310 may generate the voltageVO1 to be provided to the linear regulator LA as a power supply voltage,based on a comparison result.

The linear regulator LA may be provided with the power supply voltageVO1 from the SIMO converter 310 and may be provided with the noise-freeanalog envelope signals ENV_P and ENV_N from the noise reduction unit370. Also, the linear regulator LA may amplify and output the providedanalog envelope signals ENV_P and ENV_N by using the power supplyvoltage VO1.

Here, an output of the linear regulator LA may be fed back to thenegative terminal (−) of the linear regulator LA through the feedbackunit 390, and thus, an output level of the linear regulator LA may beadjusted based on the feedback result.

The switching regulator 330 may be provided with the reference voltagesignal VREF_VAC from the digital-to-analog converter DAC_c. Also, theswitching regulator 330 may generate and output a current (e.g., ISW ofFIG. 8 ) based on the provided reference voltage signal VREF_VAC, thesensing signal ISA of the current ILA output from the linear regulatorLA, and the voltage VAC of the AC coupling capacitor CAC.

The output current (e.g., ISW of FIG. 8 ) of the switching regulator 330and the output current (e.g., ILA) of the linear regulator LA, which aregenerated through the above procedure, may be combined, and the combinedcurrent may be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) asa current (e.g., IET_APT of FIG. 8 ) forming the power supply voltageVET_APT.

Finally, referring to FIG. 13 , an operation of the supply modulator300-1 for maintaining a voltage level of the output voltage VET_APT whenthe tracking mode is changed is illustrated. In detail, FIG. 13illustrates an operation state of the supply modulator 300-1 before thetracking mode is changed from the ET mode to the APT mode whilemaintaining a voltage level of the second modulation voltage, in a statewhere the second modulation voltage (i.e., a modulation voltageaccording to the APT) is provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA ofFIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT in the ET mode.

Because the tracking mode is not yet changed to the APT mode, like theET mode described above, the main controller 360 may maintain the switchSW in a turn-off state and may operate the switching regulator 330 andthe linear regulator LA in parallel (or together). The main controller360 may control the SIMO converter 310 such that the SIMO converter 310provides the power supply voltage VO1 to the linear regulator LA.

However, because the second modulation voltage is being supplied to thepower amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) in the ET mode, the maincontroller 360 may operate the noise reduction unit 370 as the averagepower tracking signal generator. As such, the noise reduction unit 370may be provided with the reference voltage signal VREF_APT from thedigital-to-analog converter DAC_b. The noise reduction unit 370 maycontrol the linear regulator LA based on the provided reference voltagesignal VREF_APT such that the voltage VLA output from the linearregulator LA is maintained at a voltage (i.e., a DC voltage) of auniform level.

To allow a voltage level of the second modulation voltage to bemaintained when the tracking mode is changed from the ET mode to the APTmode, the SIMO converter 310 may in advance charge the second capacitorC2 before a change of the tracking mode such that the voltage VO2 of thesecond capacitor C2 is set to a current voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage (i.e., a current voltage level of the output voltageVET_APT).

As such, afterward, when the tracking mode is changed from the ET modeto the APT mode, the switch SW may be turned on, and thus, the voltageVO2 of the second capacitor C2 may be applied to the power amplifier(e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the second modulation voltage (i.e., the outputvoltage VET_APT).

As described above, the supply modulator 300-1 may operate in the APTmode or the ET mode based on the above principle, and a mechanism inwhich an output voltage varies in each tracking mode will be describedwith reference to FIGS. 14A to 16B.

In an embodiment, a mechanism in which a voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage varies is illustrated in FIGS. 14A and 14B, amechanism in which an output voltage varies when a mode is switched fromthe APT mode to the ET mode is illustrated in FIGS. 15A and 15B, and amechanism in which an output voltage varies in the ET mode isillustrated in FIGS. 16A and 16B. The description will be givensequentially. Also, in each drawing, the description will be given underthe assumption that a time interval unit by which a level of an outputvoltage is changed is the transmission time interval (TTI).

First, FIG. 14A illustrates how a voltage level of a second modulationvoltage V_APT (i.e., a voltage level of the output voltage VET_APT)increases from a first voltage level LV1 to a second voltage level LV2higher than the first voltage level LV1 in a state where the switch SWis turned on and the second modulation voltage V_APT (e.g., a voltageVC2 of the second capacitor C2 charged to the first voltage level LV1)is being supplied to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as theoutput voltage VET_APT.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 14A, the MODEM 100 may provide the maincontroller 360 with an output voltage magnitude signal for changing avoltage level of the output voltage VET_APT from the first voltage levelLV1 to the second voltage level LV2. In response to the output voltagemagnitude signal, the SIMO converter 310 may charge a voltage VC1 (i.e.,VO1) of the first capacitor C1 to the second voltage level LV2 inadvance before a time point t1 when the voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT starts to change. At the time point t1 at whichthe voltage level of the second modulation voltage V_APT starts tochange, the main controller 360 may turn off the switch SW and maychange the tracking mode from the APT mode to the ET mode.

At t1, when the tracking mode is changed to the ET mode, the switch SWmay be turned off under control of the main controller 360, and thevoltage VC1 charged to the first capacitor C1 may be provided to thelinear regulator LA as a power supply voltage. As such, the voltagelevel of the second modulation voltage V_APT may be quickly increasedfrom the first voltage level LV1 to the second voltage level LV2.

In detail, when the tracking mode is changed to the ET mode, the linearregulator LA that is provided with VC1 as a power supply voltage mayoperate in parallel with the switching regulator 330 under control ofmain controller 360, and thus, the voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT may be quickly increased to the second voltagelevel LV2. That is, the voltage level of the second modulation voltageV_APT may quickly increase through the switching from the APT mode tothe ET mode.

Next, FIG. 14A illustrates how the tracking mode is again changed fromthe ET mode to the APT mode while the voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT is maintained at the second voltage level LV2.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 14A, under control of the main controller 360,the SIMO converter 310 may charge the second capacitor C2 from the firstvoltage level LV1 to the second voltage level LV2 from the time point t1when the voltage level of the second modulation voltage V_APT starts tochange. At the time point t2 at which the second capacitor C2 iscompletely charged to the second voltage level LV2, the main controller360 may again turn on the switch SW and may again change the trackingmode from the ET mode to the APT mode.

Here, a period t1′ to t2 where the voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT is maintained in the ET mode may be implementedby the noise reduction unit 370 that operates as the average powertracking signal generator to control the linear regulator LA. Of course,the noise reduction unit 370 may be controlled by the main controller360.

Also, when the tracking mode is again changed to the APT mode, theswitch SW may be turned on, and a voltage VC2 (i.e., VO2) charged to thesecond capacitor C2 may be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA ofFIG. 3 ) as the second modulation voltage V_APT. As such, the voltagelevel of the second modulation voltage V_APT may be maintained at thesecond voltage level LV2.

In an embodiment, from a specific time point after t2, instead of thesecond capacitor C2, the switching regulator 330 may generate the secondmodulation voltage V_APT (of course, a modulation voltage of the secondvoltage level LV2) and may provide the output voltage VET_APT to thepower amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ). That is, after t2 and before anext change time point (e.g., a tracking mode change or an outputvoltage magnitude change), the voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2may continue to be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 )as the output voltage VET_APT, or a voltage generated by the switchingregulator 330 may be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3) instead of the voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2. However, in anembodiment of the present disclosure, a situation after t2 will beomitted.

As a result, as the tracking mode is again changed from the ET mode tothe APT mode after the voltage level of the second modulation voltageV_APT increases, the tracking mode may again return to an originaltracking mode (i.e., the APT mode matched with the second modulationvoltage V_APT) before a voltage level is changed. That is, the voltagelevel of the second modulation voltage V_APT (i.e., a voltage level ofthe output voltage VET_APT) may be quickly increased and stabilizedthrough the mechanism described above.

Together with the output voltage magnitude signal, the MODEM 100 mayprovide the main controller 360 with the tracking mode decision signalfor changing the tracking mode from the APT mode to the ET mode at t1and changing the tracking mode from the ET mode to the APT mode at t2.

In response to the tracking mode decision signal, the main controller360 may switch from the APT mode to the ET mode at the time point t1 andmay switch from the ET mode to the APT mode at the time point t2.Alternatively, in response to the output voltage magnitude signal, themain controller 360 may recognize a magnitude difference (i.e., LV1-LV2)of a change voltage and may perform the switching from the APT mode tothe ET mode at the time point t1 and the switching from the ET mode tothe APT mode at the time point t2 automatically without separatelyreceiving the tracking mode decision signal. Of course, the maincontroller 360 may include various components for recognizing amagnitude difference of a change voltage. That is, the main controller360 may change the tracking mode in the situation of FIG. 14A by usingone of the two methods described above, and which method is implementedmay be set in advance by the user/manufacturer.

Although at least two of VC1, VET_APT, and VC2 have the same voltagevalue in a specific period, FIG. 14A represents each of VC1, VET_APT,and VC2 with non-overlapping lines for better illustration andunderstanding.

FIG. 14B illustrates how a voltage level of the second modulationvoltage V_APT (i.e., a voltage level of the output voltage VET_APT)decreases from the second voltage level LV2 to the first voltage levelLV1 lower than the second voltage level LV2 in a state where the switchSW is turned on and the second modulation voltage V_APT (e.g., thevoltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2 charged to the second voltagelevel LV2) is being supplied to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3) as the output voltage VET_APT.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 14B, the MODEM 100 may provide the maincontroller 360 with the output voltage magnitude signal, for changing avoltage level of the output voltage VET_APT from the second voltagelevel LV2 to the first voltage level LV1, and may change the trackingmode from the APT mode to the ET mode at t1.

Here, when the tracking mode is changed to the ET mode at t1, the switchSW may be turned off under control of the main controller 360, and thus,the voltage level of the second modulation voltage V_APT may be quicklydecreased to the first voltage level LV1 based on an analog envelopesignal input to the linear regulator (e.g., LA of FIG. 3 ).

In detail, when the tracking mode is changed to the ET mode, the linearregulator LA may operate in parallel with the switching regulator 330under control of main controller 360, and thus, the voltage level of thesecond modulation voltage V_APT may be quickly decreased to the firstvoltage level LV1.

Next, FIG. 14B illustrates how the tracking mode is again changed fromthe ET mode to the APT mode while the voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT is maintained at the first voltage level LV1.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 14B, under control of the main controller 360,the SIMO converter 310 may discharge the voltage VC2 (i.e., VO2) of thesecond capacitor C2 from the second voltage level LV2 to the firstvoltage level LV1 from the time point t1 when the voltage level of thesecond modulation voltage V_APT starts to change. At the time point t2at which the second capacitor C2 is completely discharged to the firstvoltage level LV1, the main controller 360 may again turn on the switchSW and may again change the tracking mode from the ET mode to the APTmode.

Here, the period t1′ to t2 where the voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT is maintained in the ET mode may be implementedby the noise reduction unit 370 that operates as the average powertracking signal generator to control the linear regulator LA. Of course,the noise reduction unit 370 may be controlled by the main controller360.

Also, when the tracking mode is again changed to the APT mode, theswitch SW may be turned on under control of the main controller 360, andthe voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2 may be provided to the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the second modulation voltage V_APT.As such, the voltage level of the second modulation voltage V_APT may bemaintained at the first voltage level LV1.

In an embodiment, from a specific time point after t2, instead of thesecond capacitor C2, the switching regulator 330 may generate the secondmodulation voltage V_APT (of course, a modulation voltage of the firstvoltage level LV1) and may provide the output voltage VET_APT to thepower amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ). That is, after t2 and before anext change time point (e.g., a tracking mode change or an outputvoltage magnitude change), the voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2may continue to be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 )as the output voltage VET_APT, or a voltage generated by the switchingregulator 330 may be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3) instead of the voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2. However, in anembodiment of the present disclosure, a situation after t2 will beomitted.

As a result, as the tracking mode is again changed from the ET mode tothe APT mode after the voltage level of the second modulation voltageV_APT decreases, the tracking mode may again return to an originaltracking mode (i.e., the APT mode matched with the second modulationvoltage V_APT) before a voltage level is changed. That is, the voltagelevel of the second modulation voltage V_APT (i.e., a voltage level ofthe output voltage VET_APT) may be quickly decreased and stabilizedthrough the mechanism described above.

In an embodiment, together with the output voltage magnitude signal, theMODEM 100 may provide the main controller 360 with the tracking modedecision signal for changing the tracking mode from the APT mode to theET mode at t1 and changing the tracking mode from the ET mode to the APTmode at t2.

In response to the tracking mode decision signal, the main controller360 may switch from the APT mode to the ET mode at the time point t1 andmay switch from the ET mode to the APT mode at the time point t2.Alternatively, in response to the output voltage magnitude signal, themain controller 360 may recognize a magnitude difference (i.e., LV2-LV1)of a change voltage and may perform the switching from the APT mode tothe ET mode at the time point t1 and the switching from the ET mode tothe APT mode at the time point t2 automatically without separatelyreceiving the tracking mode decision signal. That is, the maincontroller 360 may change the tracking mode in the situation of FIG. 14Bby using one of the two methods described above, and which method isimplemented may be set in advance by the user/manufacturer.

Although at least two of VC1, VET_APT, and VC2 have the same voltagevalue in a specific period, FIG. 14B represents each of VC1, VET_APT,and VC2 with non-overlapping lines for better illustration andunderstanding.

FIG. 15A illustrates the case where a voltage level of the firstcapacitor C1, in the APT mode, is lower than an expected voltage levelof the first modulation voltage V_ET, according to the ET mode, in astate where the APT mode has to be switched to the ET mode. This isassociated with the case where the voltage VC2 of the second capacitorC2 is provided as the output voltage VET_APT through the switch SW.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 15A, the MODEM 100 may provide the maincontroller 360 with the tracking mode decision signal, for switchingfrom the APT mode to the ET mode, and the output voltage magnitudesignal indicating that the expected voltage level of the output voltageVET_APT after a mode change is “LVE1”. As such, after the SIMO converter310 charges the voltage VC1 of the first capacitor C1 to the expectedvoltage level LVE1 of the first modulation voltage V_ET in advancebefore the tracking mode change time point t1 under control of the maincontroller 360, the main controller 360 may switch from the APT mode tothe ET mode. In an embodiment, the expected voltage level LVE1 of thefirst modulation voltage V_ET may be a peak level within thecorresponding TTI (e.g., a TTI starting from t1).

Here, when the tracking mode is changed to the ET mode at t1, the switchSW may be turned off under control of the main controller 360, and thevoltage VC1 charged to the first capacitor C1 may be provided to thelinear regulator LA as a power supply voltage. Under control of the maincontroller 360, the linear regulator LA may operate in parallel with theswitching regulator 330 to generate the first modulation voltage V_ET.As such, a modulation voltage that is provided as the output voltageVET_APT may be quickly changed from the second modulation voltage V_APTto the first modulation voltage V_ET. That is, through the abovemechanism, a modulation voltage may be quickly changed upon switchingfrom the APT mode to the ET mode.

Although at least two of VC1, VET_APT, and VC2 have the same voltagevalue in a specific period, FIG. 15A represents each of VC1, VET_APT,and VC2 with non-overlapping lines for better illustration andunderstanding.

Meanwhile, FIG. 15B illustrates the case where a voltage level of thesecond capacitor C2 in the ET mode is higher than an expected voltagelevel LVE2 of the second modulation voltage V_APT, according to the APTmode, in a state where the ET mode has to be switched to the APT mode.In an embodiment, this is associated with the case where the voltage VC2charged to the second capacitor C2 is higher than the expected voltagelevel LVE2.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 15B, the MODEM 100 may provide the maincontroller 360 with the tracking mode decision signal, for switchingfrom the ET mode to the APT mode, and the output voltage magnitudesignal indicating that the expected voltage level of the output voltageVET_APT after a mode change is “LVE2”. As such, after the SIMO converter310 discharges the voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2 to theexpected voltage level LVE2 of the second modulation voltage V_APT inadvance before the tracking mode change time point t1 under control ofthe main controller 360, the main controller 360 may switch from the ETmode to the APT mode.

Here, when the tracking mode is changed to the APT mode at t1, theswitch SW may be turned on under control of the main controller 360, andthe voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2 may be provided to the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT. As such,a modulation voltage that is provided as the output voltage VET_APT maybe quickly changed from the first modulation voltage V_ET to the secondmodulation voltage V_APT. That is, through the above mechanism, amodulation voltage may be quickly changed upon switching from the ETmode to the APT mode.

In an embodiment, from a specific time point after t1, instead of thesecond capacitor C2, the switching regulator 330 may generate the secondmodulation voltage V_APT (of course, a modulation voltage of theexpected voltage level LVE2) and may provide the output voltage VET_APTto the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ). That is, after t1 andbefore a next change time point (e.g., a tracking mode change or anoutput voltage magnitude change), the voltage VC2 of the secondcapacitor C2 may continue to be provided to the power amplifier (e.g.,PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT, or a voltage generated bythe switching regulator 330 may be provided to the power amplifier(e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) instead of the voltage VC2 of the second capacitorC2. However, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, a situationafter t1 will be omitted.

Although at least two of VC1, VET_APT, and VC2 have the same voltagevalue in a specific period, FIG. 15B represents each of VC1, VET_APT,and VC2 with non-overlapping lines for better illustration andunderstanding.

FIG. 16A illustrates how to increase a maximum voltage level of thefirst modulation voltage V_ET, in a next period (e.g., a next TTI)belonging to the ET mode, to the second voltage level LV2 higher thanthe first voltage level LV1 in a state where a maximum voltage level ofthe first modulation voltage V_ET in a current period (e.g., a currentTTI) belonging to the ET mode is the first voltage level LV1.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 16A, the MODEM 100 may provide the maincontroller 360 with the output voltage magnitude signal for changing amaximum voltage level of the output voltage VET_APT from the firstvoltage level LV1 to the second voltage level LV2. In response to theoutput voltage magnitude signal, the SIMO converter 310 may charge thevoltage VC1 of the first capacitor C1 to the second voltage level LV2 inadvance in a current period. Under control of the main controller 360,the SIMO converter 310 may provide the voltage VC1 of the firstcapacitor C1, which is charged to the second voltage level LV2 inadvance before entering a next period, to the linear regulator LA as apower supply voltage. Of course, because the ET mode is maintainedwithout changing the tracking mode, the switch SW maintains a turn-offstate.

Here, when the switching from a current period to a next period is madeat t1 in the ET mode, under control of the main controller 360, thevoltage VC1 charged to the first capacitor C1 may be provided to thelinear regulator LA as a power supply voltage in advance before enteringthe next period. As such, a voltage level of the first modulationvoltage V_ET may be stably increased without a clipping phenomenon(i.e., a phenomenon where a partial period of the output voltage VET_APTis clipped when a power supply voltage of the linear regulator LA isinsufficient). That is, through the above mechanism, the voltage levelof the first modulation voltage V_ET may be stably increased without theclipping phenomenon.

Meanwhile, FIG. 16B illustrates how to decrease a maximum voltage levelof the first modulation voltage V_ET, in a next period (e.g., a nextTTI) belonging to the ET mode, to the first voltage level LV1 lower thanthe second voltage level LV2 in a state where a maximum voltage level ofthe first modulation voltage V_ET, in a current period (e.g., a currentTTI) belonging to the ET mode, is the second voltage level LV2.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 16B, the MODEM 100 may provide the maincontroller 360 with the output voltage magnitude signal for changing amaximum voltage level of the output voltage VET_APT from the secondvoltage level LV2 to the first voltage level LV1. First, the SIMOconverter 310 may maintain the voltage VC1 of the first capacitor C1 atthe second voltage level LV2 in a current period under control of themain controller 360. Afterwards, when a next period starts (i.e., afterthe next period starts), in response to the output voltage magnitudesignal, the SIMO converter 310 may discharge the voltage VC1 of thefirst capacitor C1 charged to the second voltage level LV2 to the firstvoltage level LV1. Of course, because the ET mode is maintained withoutchanging the tracking mode, the switch SW maintains a turn-off state.

At t1, when the switching from the current period to the next period inthe ET mode is made, under control of the main controller 360, thevoltage VC1 of the first capacitor C1 may be provided to the linearregulator LA as a power supply voltage after entering the next period.As such, the voltage level of the first modulation voltage V_ET may bestably decreased without a clipping phenomenon. That is, through theabove mechanism, the voltage level of the first modulation voltage V_ETmay be stably decreased without the clipping phenomenon.

As described above, through two or more capacitors that arecharged/discharged at a time point when the tracking mode is changedfrom the ET/APT mode to the APT/ET mode or before or after an outputvoltage changes, the supply modulator 300-1 according to an embodimentof the present disclosure may improve a speed at which the outputvoltage changes and may also prevent the output voltage from beingdistorted due to a clipping phenomenon.

The first example 300-1 of a supply modulator according to an embodimentof the present disclosure is described above. Below, a second example ofa supply modulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosurewill be described with reference to FIGS. 17 to 22 .

FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram illustrating a second example of a supplymodulator included in a wireless communication apparatus according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 18 is a circuit diagramillustrating a boost-buck converter illustrated in FIG. 17 . FIG. 19 isa circuit diagram illustrating a linear charger illustrated in FIG. 17 .FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an average power tracking modeoperation of a supply modulator of FIG. 17 . FIG. 21 is a diagramillustrating an envelope tracking mode operation of a supply modulatorof FIG. 17 . FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a capacitor chargingoperation performed by a supply modulator of FIG. 17 to maintain avoltage level of a modulation voltage generated according to averagepower tracking.

Below, for convenience of description, it is assumed that a supplymodulator 300-2 is implemented with the supply modulator 300 of thewireless communication apparatus 2 illustrated in FIG. 3 . Also, thesupply modulator 300-2 of FIG. 17 and the supply modulator 300 of FIG. 4are identical except for some components and a mechanism, and thus, adifference will be mainly described.

Referring to FIG. 17 , a second example 300-2 of a supply modulatoraccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include aboost-buck converter 315, a linear charger 320, the switching regulator330, the linear regulator LA, the noise reduction unit 370, the feedbackunit 390, the AC coupling capacitor CAC, the switch SW, the plurality ofdigital-to-analog converters DAC_a, DAC_b, and DAC_c, and the maincontroller 360.

In detail, unlike the supply modulator 300-1 of FIG. 4 , the supplymodulator 300-2 of FIG. 17 may not include a SIMO converter and mayfurther include the boost-buck converter 315 and the linear charger 320.

First, the boost-buck converter 315 may operate to provide a powersupply voltage to the linear regulator LA in the ET mode. The boost-buckconverter 315 may operate to provide a power supply voltage to thelinear charger 320 in the APT mode and may include the first capacitorC1 that is connected with a power supply terminal of each of the linearregulator LA and the linear charger 320 and is charged/discharged for achange of the tracking mode or a magnitude change of the output voltageVET_APT. Also, the boost-buck converter 315 may be controlled by themain controller 360.

In an embodiment, a part D1 of digital signals provided from the MODEM100 may be converted into an analog signal, that is, the referencevoltage signal VREF_VLA through the digital-to-analog converter DAC_a.Also, the reference voltage signal VREF_VLA converted through thedigital-to-analog converter DAC_a may be provided to the boost-buckconverter 315.

The boost-buck converter 315 may generate and output the voltage VO1based on the reference voltage signal VREF_VLA. That is, the boost-buckconverter 315 may step up or step down an input voltage (i.e., a power(e.g., VBAT of FIG. 18 ) provided from a battery) based on the referencevoltage signal VREF_VLA and may generate and output the voltage VO1.

Referring to FIG. 18 , an exemplary configuration of the boost-buckconverter 315 is illustrated. In detail, the boost-buck converter 315may include a conversion circuit 318 and a boost-buck controller 317.

The conversion circuit 318 may include one inductor LBB2, a plurality ofconversion switches SC1, SC2 and SC3, an output switch SC4, and acapacitor C1. As such, the conversion circuit 318 may be implementedwith a buck-boosting converter that bucks (or steps down) or boosts (orsteps up) the input voltage VBAT. Also, the conversion circuit 318 maygenerate the voltage VO1 under control of the boost-buck controller 317.

For example, the first capacitor C1 may be a load capacitor, and acapacity of the first capacitor C1 may be from several to hundreds of uF(microfarads). Also, the first capacitor C1 may not be included in theboost-buck converter 315. That is, the first capacitor C1 may beprovided outside the boost-buck converter 315. However, for convenienceof description, an embodiment of the present disclosure will bedescribed in which the first capacitor C1 is included in the boost-buckconverter 315.

The boost-buck controller 317 may generate switching control signalsbased on the reference voltage signal VREF_VLA and may control a turn-onor a turn-off of the plurality of switches SC1 to SC4. As such, thevoltage VO1 may be generated as the plurality of switches SC1 to SC4 arerespectively turned on or turned off by the switching control signals.

In detail, the boost-buck controller 317 may generate the switchingcontrol signals for controlling the plurality of switches SC1 to SC4 byusing a PWM or PFM scheme based on the reference voltage signalVREF_VLA. The voltage VO1 of a desired level may be generated as theplurality of switches SC1 to SC4 are controlled by the switching controlsignals. Also, as a level of the voltage VO1 is fed back to theboost-buck controller 317 (i.e., VO1 being fed back as VDD_LA), theconverter controller 312 may control the switching control signals suchthat a level of the generated voltage VO1 is set to a desired level.

In an embodiment, the configuration of the boost-buck converter 315illustrated in FIG. 18 is, but is not limited to, only an exemplaryembodiment.

Returning to FIG. 17 , the linear charger 320 may operate selectivelywith the switching regulator 330 for the purpose of generating theoutput voltage VET_APT in the APT mode. Also, the linear charger 320 mayinclude a second capacitor C2 that is selectively connected with anoutput terminal of the linear regulator LA through the switch SW and ischarged/discharged for a change of the tracking mode or a magnitudechange of the output voltage VET_APT. The linear charger 320 may becontrolled by the main controller 360.

In an embodiment, a part D_REF of the digital signals provided from theMODEM 100 may be converted into an analog signal, that is, the referencevoltage signals VREF_APT through the digital-to-analog converter DAC_b.Also, the reference voltage signal VREF_APT converted through thedigital-to-analog converter DAC_b may be provided to the linear charger320.

The linear charger 320 may generate and output a voltage VLC based onthe reference voltage signal VREF_APT. That is, the linear charger 320may step up or step down an input voltage (i.e., the voltage VO1provided from the boost-buck converter 315) based on the referencevoltage signal VREF_APT and may generate and output the voltage VLC.

Referring to FIG. 19 , an exemplary configuration of the linear charger320 is illustrated. In detail, the linear charger 320 may include aplurality of switches SD1 and SD2, a second capacitor C2, and a chargercontroller 322.

For example, each of the plurality of switches SD1 and SD2 may include atransistor. In detail, one (e.g., SD1) of the plurality of switches SD1and SD2 may include a p-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS)transistor, and the other (e.g., SD2) thereof may include an n-channelmetal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistor. As such, the linear charger320 may perform charging on the second capacitor C2 through the switchSD1 being a PMOS transistor and may perform discharging on the secondcapacitor C2 through the switch SD2 being an NMOS transistor.

For example, the second capacitor C2 may be a load capacitor, and acapacity of the second capacitor C2 may be from several to hundreds ofuF (microfarads). Also, the second capacitor C2 may not be included inthe linear charger 320. That is, the second capacitor C2 may be providedoutside the linear charger 320. However, for convenience of description,an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in which thesecond capacitor C2 is included in the linear charger 320.

The charger controller 322 may generate switching control signals basedon the reference voltage signal VREF_APT and may control a turn-on or aturn-off of each of the plurality of switches SD1 and SD2. As such, thevoltage VLC may be generated based on a turn-on or a turn-off of each ofthe plurality of switches SD1 and SD2.

In detail, the charger controller 322 may control the switching controlsignals for controlling the plurality of switches SD1 and SD2 by using aPWM or PFM scheme based on the reference voltage signal VREF_APT suchthat the voltage VLC of a desired level is generated. Also, as a levelof the generated voltage VLC is fed back to the charger controller 322,the charger controller 322 may control the switching control signalssuch that a level of the generated voltage VLC is set to a desiredlevel.

In an embodiment, the configuration of the linear charger 320illustrated in FIG. 19 is, but is not limited to, only an exemplaryembodiment.

Returning to FIG. 17 , the main controller 360 may decide the trackingmode and may control at least one of the switch SW, the linear regulatorLA, the switching regulator 330, the boost-buck converter 315, thelinear charger 320, the noise reduction unit 370, and the feedback unit390 based on the decided tracking mode.

In detail, the MODEM 100 may provide the main controller 360 with thetracking mode decision signal and may decide the tracking mode of thesupply modulator 300-2 based on the provided tracking mode decisionsignal.

As such, when the tracking mode is decided to be the ET mode, the maincontroller 360 may turn off the switch SW and may control a paralleloperation of the linear regulator LA and the switching regulator 330. Inthis case, the linear regulator LA and the switching regulator 330 maytogether generate the first modulation voltage according to the ET andmay provide the generated first modulation voltage to the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT.

In contrast, when the tracking mode is decided to be the APT mode, themain controller 360 may turn on the switch SW and may control an outputvoltage generating operation of one of the linear charger 320 and theswitching regulator 330. In this case, one of the linear charger 320 andthe switching regulator 330 may generate the second modulation voltageaccording to the APT and may provide the generated second modulationvoltage to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the outputvoltage VET_APT.

In an embodiment, when the tracking mode is decided to be the APT mode,the main controller 360 may control the boost-buck converter 315 suchthat the boost-buck converter 315 supplies a power supply voltage to thelinear charger 320.

As such, the supply modulator 300-2 of FIG. 17 may have the aboveconfiguration and characteristic, and an operation of the supplymodulator 300-2 according to the tracking mode will be described withreference to FIGS. 20 to 22 .

In an embodiment, in FIGS. 20 to 22 , a portion marked by a bold linerepresents an operation enable path in the corresponding drawing. Eachdrawing will be described with reference to FIG. 17 together.

First, referring to FIG. 20 , an operation of the supply modulator 300-2in the APT mode is illustrated.

The MODEM 100 may provide the main controller 360 with the APT modedecision signal and may decide the APT mode of the supply modulator300-2 based on the provided APT mode decision signal. In this case, themain controller 360 may turn on the switch SW based on the decidedtracking mode. Also, one of the linear charger 320 and the switchingregulator 330 may generate the second modulation voltage VLC or VSWaccording to the APT under control of the main controller 360 and mayprovide the generated second modulation voltage VLC or VSW to the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT.

In detail, to generate the second modulation voltage VSW according tothe APT, the switching regulator 330 may be provided with the referencevoltage signal VREF_APT from the digital-to-analog converter DAC_b. Theswitching regulator 330 may compare the reference voltage signalVREF_APT and the current output voltage VOUT_APT. Here, the currentoutput voltage VOUT_APT, which is a current voltage value of VSW, may bea voltage value of VET_APT according to a current tracking mode. Theswitching regulator 330 may generate the second modulation voltage VSWbased on a comparison result. Also, the switching regulator 330 mayprovide the generated second modulation voltage VSW to the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT. Ofcourse, even when the switching regulator 330 generates the secondmodulation voltage VSW, the switch SW may be turned on.

Although not illustrated in the drawings, in the case where the linearcharger 320 generates the second modulation voltage VLC according to theAPT under control of the main controller 360, the linear charger 320 maybe provided with the reference voltage signal VREF_APT from thedigital-to-analog converter DAC_b. The linear charger 320 may generatethe second modulation voltage VLC based on a result of comparing theprovided reference voltage signal VREF_APT and a current output voltage(e.g., a current voltage value of VLC) of the linear charger 320. Here,the current voltage value of VLC may be a voltage value of VET_APTaccording to a current tracking mode. Also, the linear charger 320 mayprovide the generated second modulation voltage VLC to the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT. Ofcourse, in this case, the linear charger 320 may be supplied with apower supply voltage from the boost-buck converter 315.

Next, referring to FIG. 21 , an operation of the supply modulator 300-2in the ET mode is illustrated.

The MODEM 100 may provide the main controller 360 with the ET modedecision signal and may decide the ET mode of the supply modulator 300-2based on the provided ET mode decision signal. In this case, the maincontroller 360 may turn off the switch SW based on the decided trackingmode. Also, the linear regulator LA and the switching regulator 330 maytogether generate the first modulation voltage according to the ETthrough a parallel operation under control of the main controller 360and may provide the generated first modulation voltage to the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT.

In detail, as illustrated in FIG. 21 , the boost-buck converter 315 maybe provided with the reference voltage signal VREF_VLA from thedigital-to-analog converter DAC_a. The boost-buck converter 315 maygenerate the voltage VO1 to be provided to the linear regulator LA as apower supply voltage, based on a result of comparing the providedreference voltage signal VREF_VLA and a current output voltage VO1(i.e., VDD_LA) of the boost-buck converter 315.

The linear regulator LA may be provided with the power supply voltageVO1 from the boost-buck converter 315 and may be provided with thenoise-free analog envelope signals ENV_P and ENV_N from the noisereduction unit 370. Also, the linear regulator LA may amplify and outputthe provided analog envelope signals ENV_P and ENV_N by using the powersupply voltage VO1. Here, an output of the linear regulator LA may befed back to the negative terminal (−) of the linear regulator LA throughthe feedback unit 390, and thus, an output level of the linear regulatorLA may be adjusted based on the feedback result.

Meanwhile, the switching regulator 330 may be provided with thereference voltage signal VREF_VAC from the digital-to-analog converterDAC_c. Also, the switching regulator 330 may generate and output acurrent (e.g., ISW of FIG. 8 ) based on the provided reference voltagesignal VREF_VAC, the sensing signal ISA of the current ILA output fromthe linear regulator LA, and the voltage VAC of the AC couplingcapacitor CAC.

The output current (e.g., ISW of FIG. 8 ) of the switching regulator 330and the output current (e.g., ILA) of the linear regulator LA, which aregenerated through the above procedure, may be combined, and the combinedcurrent may be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) asa current (e.g., IET_APT of FIG. 8 ) forming a power supply voltage(i.e., the output voltage VET_APT). Finally, referring to FIG. 22 , anoperation of the supply modulator 300-2 for maintaining a voltage levelof the output voltage VET_APT when the tracking mode is changed isillustrated. In detail, FIG. 22 illustrates an operation state of thesupply modulator 300-2 before the tracking mode is changed from the ETmode to the APT mode while maintaining a voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage, in a state where the second modulation voltage(i.e., a modulation voltage according to the APT) is provided to thepower amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT inthe ET mode.

Because the tracking mode is not yet changed to the APT mode, like theET mode described above, the main controller 360 may maintain the switchSW in a turn-off state and may operate the switching regulator 330 andthe linear regulator LA in parallel (or together). The main controller360 may control the boost-buck converter 315 such that the boost-buckconverter 315 provides the power supply voltage VO1 to the linearregulator LA. However, because the second modulation voltage is beingsupplied to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) in the ET mode,the main controller 360 may operate the noise reduction unit 370 as theaverage power tracking signal generator. As such, the noise reductionunit 370 may be provided with the reference voltage signal VREF_APT fromthe digital-to-analog converter DAC_b. The noise reduction unit 370 maycontrol the linear regulator LA based on the provided reference voltagesignal VREF_APT such that the voltage VLA output from the linearregulator LA is maintained at a voltage (i.e., a DC voltage) of auniform level.

The linear charger 320 may be provided with a power supply voltage fromthe boost-buck converter 315 for the purpose of allowing the voltagelevel of the second modulation voltage to be maintained when thetracking mode is changed from the ET mode to the APT mode. Also, beforea change of the tracking mode, the linear charger 320 may charge thesecond capacitor C2 by using the provided power supply voltage such thatthe voltage VLC of the second capacitor C2 is set to a current voltagelevel of the second modulation voltage (i.e., a current voltage level ofthe output voltage VET_APT).

As such, afterward, when the tracking mode is changed from the ET modeto the APT mode, the switch SW may be turned on, and thus, the voltageVLC of the second capacitor C2 may be applied to the power amplifier(e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the second modulation voltage (i.e., the outputvoltage VET_APT).

As described above, the supply modulator 300-2 may operate in the APTmode or the ET mode based on the above principle, and a mechanism inwhich an output voltage varies in each tracking mode will be described.

In an embodiment, because the mechanism in which an output voltagevaries in each tracking mode of the supply modulator 300-2 is capable ofbeing described with reference to FIGS. 14A to 16B, the description willbe given with reference to FIGS. 14A to 16B described above, not newdrawings.

FIG. 14A illustrates how a voltage level of the second modulationvoltage V_APT (i.e., a voltage level of the output voltage VET_APT)increases from the first voltage level LV1 to the second voltage levelLV2 higher than the first voltage level LV1 in a state where the switchSW is turned on and the second modulation voltage (i.e., V_APT) is beingsupplied to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the outputvoltage VET_APT.

Referring to FIGS. 17 and 14A, the MODEM 100 may provide the maincontroller 360 with the output voltage magnitude signal for changing amagnitude of the output voltage VET_APT from the first voltage level LV1to the second voltage level LV2. In response to the output voltagemagnitude signal, the boost-buck converter 315 may charge the voltageVC1 (i.e., VO1) of the first capacitor C1 to the second voltage levelLV2 in advance before the time point t1 when the voltage level of thesecond modulation voltage V_APT starts to change. At the time point t1at which the voltage level of the second modulation voltage V_APT startsto change, the main controller 360 may turn off the switch SW and maychange the tracking mode from the APT mode to the ET mode.

Here, when the tracking mode is changed to the ET mode at t1, the switchSW may be turned off under control of the main controller 360, and thevoltage VC1 charged to the first capacitor C1 may be provided to thelinear regulator LA as a power supply voltage. As such, the voltagelevel of the second modulation voltage V_APT may be quickly increasedfrom the first voltage level LV1 to the second voltage level LV2.

In detail, when the tracking mode is changed to the ET mode, the linearregulator LA that is provided with VC1 as a power supply voltage mayoperate in parallel with the switching regulator 330 under control ofthe main controller 360, and thus, the voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT may be quickly increased to the second voltagelevel LV2. That is, the voltage level of the second modulation voltageV_APT may quickly increase through the switching from the APT mode tothe ET mode.

Next, FIG. 14A illustrates how the tracking mode is again changed fromthe ET mode to the APT mode while the voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT is maintained at the second voltage level LV2.

Referring to FIGS. 17 and 14A, from the time point t1 when the voltagelevel of the second modulation voltage V_APT starts to change, thelinear charger 320 may charge the second capacitor C2 from the firstvoltage level LV1 to the second voltage level LV2 by using the powersupply voltage VO1 provided from the boost-buck converter 315 undercontrol of the main controller 360. At the time point t2 at which thesecond capacitor C2 is completely charged to the second voltage levelLV2, the main controller 360 may again turn on the switch SW and mayagain change the tracking mode from the ET mode to the APT mode.

Here, the period t1′ to t2 where the voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT is maintained in the ET mode may be implementedby the noise reduction unit 370 that operates as the average powertracking signal generator to control the linear regulator LA. Of course,the noise reduction unit 370 may be controlled by the main controller360.

Also, when the tracking mode is again changed to the APT mode, theswitch SW may be turned on, and the voltage VC2 charged to the secondcapacitor C2 may be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3) as the second modulation voltage V_APT. As such, the voltage level ofthe second modulation voltage V_APT may be maintained at the secondvoltage level LV2.

In an embodiment, from a specific time point after t2, instead of thesecond capacitor C2, the switching regulator 330 may generate the secondmodulation voltage V_APT (of course, a modulation voltage of the secondvoltage level LV2) and may provide the output voltage VET_APT to thepower amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ). That is, after t2 and before anext change time point (e.g., a tracking mode change or an outputvoltage magnitude change), the voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2may continue to be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 )as the output voltage VET_APT, or a voltage generated by the switchingregulator 330 may be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3) instead of the voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2. However, in anembodiment of the present disclosure, a situation after t2 will beomitted.

As a result, as the tracking mode is again changed from the ET mode tothe APT mode after the voltage level of the second modulation voltageV_APT increases, the tracking mode may again return to an originaltracking mode (i.e., the APT mode matched with the second modulationvoltage V_APT) before a voltage level is changed. That is, the voltagelevel of the second modulation voltage V_APT (i.e., a voltage level ofthe output voltage VET_APT) may be quickly increased and stabilizedthrough the mechanism described above.

In an embodiment, together with the output voltage magnitude signal, theMODEM 100 may provide the main controller 360 with the tracking modedecision signal for changing the tracking mode from the APT mode to theET mode at t1 and changing the tracking mode from the ET mode to the APTmode at t2.

In response to the tracking mode decision signal, the main controller360 may switch from the APT mode to the ET mode at the time point t1 andmay switch from the ET mode to the APT mode at the time point t2.Alternatively, when provided with the output voltage magnitude signalfrom the MODEM 100, the main controller 360 may recognize a magnitudedifference (i.e., LV1-LV2) of a change voltage and may perform theswitching from the APT mode to the ET mode at the time point t1 and theswitching from the ET mode to the APT mode at the time point t2automatically without separately receiving the tracking mode decisionsignal.

That is, the main controller 360 may change the tracking mode in thesituation of FIG. 14A by using one of the two methods described above,and whether any method is implemented may be in advance set by theuser/manufacturer.

Meanwhile, FIG. 14B illustrates how a voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT (i.e., a voltage level of the output voltageVET_APT) decreases from the second voltage level LV2 to the firstvoltage level LV1 lower than the second voltage level LV2 in a statewhere the switch SW is turned on and the second modulation voltage(i.e., V_APT) is being supplied to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG.3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT.

In this case, referring to FIGS. 17 and 14B, the MODEM 100 may providethe main controller 360 with the output voltage magnitude signal, forchanging a magnitude of the output voltage VET_APT from the secondvoltage level LV2 to the first voltage level LV1, and may change thetracking mode from the APT mode to the ET mode at t1.

Here, when the tracking mode is changed to the ET mode at t1, the switchSW may be turned off under control of the main controller 360, and thus,the voltage level of the second modulation voltage V_APT may be quicklydecreased to the first voltage level LV1 based on an analog envelopesignal input to the linear regulator (e.g., LA of FIG. 3 ).

In detail, when the tracking mode is changed to the ET mode, the linearregulator LA may operate in parallel with the switching regulator 330under control of the main controller 360, and thus, the voltage level ofthe second modulation voltage V_APT may be quickly decreased to thefirst voltage level LV1.

Next, FIG. 14B illustrates how the tracking mode is again changed fromthe ET mode to the APT mode while the voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT is maintained at the first voltage level LV1.

Referring to FIGS. 17 and 14B, under control of the main controller 360,the linear charger 320 may discharge the voltage VC2 of the secondcapacitor C2 from the second voltage level LV2 to the first voltagelevel LV1 from the time point t1 when the voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT starts to change. At the time point t2 at whichthe second capacitor C2 is completely discharged to the first voltagelevel LV1, the main controller 360 may again turn on the switch SW andmay again change the tracking mode from the ET mode to the APT mode.

Here, the period t1′ to t2 where the voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT is maintained in the ET mode may be implementedby the noise reduction unit 370 that operates as the average powertracking signal generator to control the linear regulator LA. Of course,the noise reduction unit 370 may be controlled by the main controller360.

Also, when the tracking mode is again changed to the APT mode, theswitch SW may be turned on under control of the main controller 360, andthe voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2 may be provided to the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the second modulation voltage V_APT.As such, the voltage level of the second modulation voltage V_APT may bemaintained at the first voltage level LV1.

In an embodiment, from a specific time point after t2, instead of thesecond capacitor C2, the switching regulator 330 may generate the secondmodulation voltage V_APT (of course, a modulation voltage of the firstvoltage level LV1) and may provide the output voltage VET_APT to thepower amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ). That is, after t2 and before anext change time point (e.g., a tracking mode change or an outputvoltage magnitude change), the voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2may continue to be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 )as the output voltage VET_APT, or a voltage generated by the switchingregulator 330 may be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3) instead of the voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2. However, in anembodiment of the present disclosure, a situation after t2 will beomitted.

As a result, as the tracking mode is again changed from the ET mode tothe APT mode after the voltage level of the second modulation voltageV_APT decreases, the tracking mode may again return to an originaltracking mode (i.e., the APT mode matched with the second modulationvoltage V_APT) before a voltage level is changed. That is, the voltagelevel of the second modulation voltage V_APT (i.e., a voltage level ofthe output voltage VET_APT) may be quickly decreased and stabilizedthrough the mechanism described above.

In an embodiment, together with the output voltage magnitude signal, theMODEM 100 may provide the main controller 360 with the tracking modedecision signal for changing the tracking mode from the APT mode to theET mode at t1 and changing the tracking mode from the ET mode to the APTmode at t2.

In response to the tracking mode decision signal, the main controller360 may switch from the APT mode to the ET mode at the time point t1 andmay switch from the ET mode to the APT mode at the time point t2.Alternatively, in response to the output voltage magnitude signal, themain controller 360 may recognize a magnitude difference (i.e., LV2-LV1)of a change voltage and may perform the switching from the APT mode tothe ET mode at the time point t1 and the switching from the ET mode tothe APT mode at the time point t2 automatically without separatelyreceiving the tracking mode decision signal.

That is, the main controller 360 may change the tracking mode in thesituation of FIG. 14B by using one of the two methods described above,and whether any method is implemented may be in advance set by theuser/manufacturer.

FIG. 15A illustrates the case in which a voltage level of the firstcapacitor C1 in the APT mode is lower than an expected voltage level ofthe first modulation voltage V_ET, according to the ET mode, in a statewhere the APT mode has to be switched to the ET mode.

Referring to FIGS. 17 and 15A, the MODEM 100 may provide the maincontroller 360 with the tracking mode decision signal, for switchingfrom the APT mode to the ET mode, and the output voltage magnitudesignal indicating that the expected voltage level of the output voltageVET_APT after a mode change is “LVE1”. As such, after the boost-buckconverter 315 charges the voltage VC1 of the first capacitor C1 to theexpected voltage level LVE1 of the first modulation voltage V_ET inadvance before the tracking mode change time point t1 under control ofthe main controller 360, the main controller 360 may switch from the APTmode to the ET mode. In an embodiment, the expected voltage level LVE1of the first modulation voltage V_ET may be a peak level within thecorresponding TTI (e.g., a TTI starting from t1).

Here, when the tracking mode is changed to the ET mode at t1, the switchSW may be turned off under control of the main controller 360, and thevoltage VC1 charged to the first capacitor C1 may be provided to thelinear regulator LA as a power supply voltage. Under control of the maincontroller 360, the linear regulator LA may generate the firstmodulation voltage V_ET with the switching regulator 330. As such, amodulation voltage that is provided as the output voltage VET_APT may bequickly changed from the second modulation voltage V_APT to the firstmodulation voltage V_ET. That is, through the above mechanism, amodulation voltage may be quickly changed upon switching from the APTmode to the ET mode.

Meanwhile, FIG. 15B illustrates the case where a voltage level of thesecond capacitor C2 in the ET mode is higher than an expected voltagelevel LVE2 of the second modulation voltage V_APT, according to the APTmode, in a state where the ET mode has to be switched to the APT mode.

Referring to FIGS. 17 and 15B, the MODEM 100 may provide the maincontroller 360 with the tracking mode decision signal, for switchingfrom the ET mode to the APT mode, and the output voltage magnitudesignal indicating that the expected voltage level of the output voltageVET_APT after a mode change is “LVE2”. As such, after the linear charger320 discharges the voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2 to theexpected voltage level LVE2 of the second modulation voltage V_APT inadvance before the tracking mode change time point t1 under control ofthe main controller 360, the main controller 360 may switch from the ETmode to the APT mode.

Here, when the tracking mode is changed to the APT mode at t1, theswitch SW may be turned on under control of the main controller 360, andthe voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2 may be provided to the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT. As such,a modulation voltage that is provided as the output voltage VET_APT maybe quickly changed from the first modulation voltage V_ET to the secondmodulation voltage V_APT. That is, through the above mechanism, amodulation voltage may be quickly changed upon switching from the ETmode to the APT mode.

In an embodiment, from a specific time point after t1, instead of thesecond capacitor C2, the switching regulator 330 may generate the secondmodulation voltage V_APT (of course, a modulation voltage of theexpected voltage level LVE2) and may provide the output voltage VET_APTto the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ). That is, after t1 andbefore a next change time point (e.g., a tracking mode change or anoutput voltage magnitude change), the voltage VC2 of the secondcapacitor C2 may continue to be provided to the power amplifier (e.g.,PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT, or a voltage generated bythe switching regulator 330 may be provided to the power amplifier(e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) instead of the voltage VC2 of the second capacitorC2. However, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, a situationafter t1 will be omitted.

FIG. 16A illustrates how to increase a maximum voltage level of thefirst modulation voltage V_ET, in a next period (e.g., a next TTI)belonging to the ET mode, to the second voltage level LV2 higher thanthe first voltage level LV1 in a state where a maximum voltage level ofthe first modulation voltage V_ET in a current period (e.g., a currentTTI) belonging to the ET mode is the first voltage level LV1.

Referring to FIGS. 17 and 16A, the MODEM 100 may provide the maincontroller 360 with the output voltage magnitude signal for changing amaximum voltage level of the output voltage VET_APT from the firstvoltage level LV1 to the second voltage level LV2. First, in response tothe output voltage magnitude signal, the boost-buck converter 315 maycharge the voltage VC1 of the first capacitor C1 to the second voltagelevel LV2 in advance in a current period. Under control of the maincontroller 360, the boost-buck converter 315 may provide the voltage VC1of the first capacitor C1, which is charged to the second voltage levelLV2 in advance before entering a next period, to the linear regulator LAas a power supply voltage. Of course, because the ET mode is maintainedwithout changing the tracking mode, the switch SW maintains a turn-offstate.

At t1, when the switching from a current period to a next period is madein the ET mode, under control of the main controller 360, the voltageVC1 charged to the first capacitor C1 may be provided to the linearregulator LA as a power supply voltage in advance before entering thenext period (i.e., a time point before t1). As such, the voltage levelof the first modulation voltage V_ET may be stably increased without aclipping phenomenon. That is, through the above mechanism, the voltagelevel of the first modulation voltage V_ET may be stably increasedwithout the clipping phenomenon.

Meanwhile, FIG. 16B illustrates how to decrease a maximum voltage levelof the first modulation voltage V_ET, in a next period (e.g., a nextTTI) belonging to the ET mode, to the first voltage level LV1 lower thanthe second voltage level LV2 in a state where a maximum voltage level ofthe first modulation voltage V_ET, in a current period (e.g., a currentTTI) belonging to the ET mode, is the second voltage level LV2.

Referring to FIGS. 17 and 16B, the MODEM 100 may provide the maincontroller 360 with the output voltage magnitude signal for changing amaximum voltage level of the output voltage VET_APT from the secondvoltage level LV2 to the first voltage level LV1. First, the boost-buckconverter 315 may maintain the voltage VC1 of the first capacitor C1 atthe second voltage level LV2 in a current period under control of themain controller 360. Afterwards, when a next period starts (i.e., afterthe next period starts), in response to the output voltage magnitudesignal, the boost-buck converter 315 may discharge the voltage VC1 ofthe first capacitor C1, charged to the second voltage level LV2, to thefirst voltage level LV1. Of course, because the ET mode is maintainedwithout changing the tracking mode, the switch SW maintains a turn-offstate.

Here, when the switching from the current period to the next period inthe ET mode is made at t1, under control of the main controller 360, thevoltage VC1 of the first capacitor C1 may be provided to the linearregulator LA as a power supply voltage after entering the next period.As such, the voltage level of the first modulation voltage V_ET may bestably decreased without a clipping phenomenon. That is, through theabove mechanism, the voltage level of the first modulation voltage V_ETmay be stably decreased without the clipping phenomenon.

The second example 300-2 of a supply modulator according to anembodiment of the present disclosure is described above. Below, a thirdexample of a supply modulator according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure will be described with reference to FIGS. 23 to 30B.

FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram illustrating a third example of a supplymodulator included in a wireless communication apparatus according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 24 is a circuit diagramillustrating a single inductor multiple output converter illustrated inFIG. 23 . FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating an average power trackingmode operation of a supply modulator of FIG. 23 . FIG. 26 is a diagramillustrating an envelope tracking mode operation of a supply modulatorof FIG. 23 . FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a capacitor chargingoperation performed by a supply modulator of FIG. 23 to change a voltagelevel of a modulation voltage generated according to average powertracking. FIGS. 28A and 28B are graphs illustrating a mechanism in whicha voltage level of a second modulation voltage varies. FIGS. 29A and 29Bare graphs illustrating a mechanism in which an output voltage varieswhen a mode is switched from an average power tracking mode to anenvelope tracking mode. FIGS. 30A and 30B are graphs illustrating amechanism in which an output voltage varies in an envelope trackingmode.

Below, for convenience of description, it is assumed that a supplymodulator 300-3 that is illustrated is implemented with the supplymodulator 300 of the wireless communication apparatus 2 illustrated inFIG. 3 . Also, the supply modulator 300-3 of FIG. 23 and the supplymodulator 300-1 of FIG. 4 are identical except for some components and amechanism, and thus, a difference will be mainly described.

Referring to FIG. 23 , the third example 300-3 of a supply modulatoraccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a SIMOconverter 319, the switching regulator 330, the linear regulator LA, thenoise reduction unit 370, the feedback unit 390, the AC couplingcapacitor CAC, first and second switches SW1 and SW2, the plurality ofdigital-to-analog converters DAC_a, DAC_b and DAC_c, a multiplexer MUX,and the main controller 360.

In detail, unlike the supply modulator 300-1 of FIG. 4 , in the case ofthe supply modulator 300-3 of FIG. 23 , the SIMO converter 319 mayinclude three capacitors C1 to C3, and thus, two switches SW1 and SW2may exist.

That is, the SIMO converter 310 may include the first capacitor C1 thatis connected with a power supply terminal of the linear regulator LA andis charged/discharged for a change of the tracking mode or a magnitudechange of the output voltage VET_APT, the second capacitor C2 that isselectively connected with an output terminal of the linear regulator LAthrough the first switch SW1 and is charged/discharged for a change ofthe tracking mode or a magnitude change of the output voltage VET_APT,and the third capacitor C3 (for example, the third capacitor C3 being aload capacitor) that is selectively connected with the output terminalof the linear regulator LA through the second switch SW2 different fromthe first switch SW1 and is charged/discharged for a change of thetracking mode or a magnitude change of the output voltage VET_APT.

Also, the supply modulator 300-3 may include more digital-to-analogconverters than the supply modulator 300-1 of FIG. 4 and thus may usemore reference voltage signals.

That is, in the supply modulator 300-3 of FIG. 23 , some D1, D_REF1, andD_REF2 of digital signals provided from the MODEM 100 may berespectively converted into analog signals, that is, reference voltagesignals VREF_VLA, VREF_APT1, and VREF_APT2 through the digital-to-analogconverters DAC_a, DAC_b, and DAC_c. Also, the reference voltage signalsVREF_VLA, VREF_APT1, and VREF_APT2 respectively converted through thedigital-to-analog converters DAC_a, DAC_b, and DAC_c may be provided tothe SIMO converter 319.

As such, the SIMO converter 319 may generate and output a plurality ofvoltages VO1, VO2, and VO3 based on the plurality of reference voltagesignals VREF_VLA, VREF_APT1, and VREF_APT2. That is, the SIMO converter319 may step up or step down an input voltage (i.e., a power (e.g., VBATof FIG. 5 ) provided from a battery) based on the plurality of referencevoltage signals VREF_VLA, VREF_APT1, and VREF_APT2 and may generate andoutput the plurality of voltages VO1, VO2, and VO3.

In detail, the SIMO converter 319 may provide one voltage, for example,the first voltage VO1 to the linear regulator LA as a power supplyvoltage and may provide one of the remaining two voltages, for example,the second voltage VO2 or the third voltage VO3, to the power amplifier(e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT.

Referring to FIG. 24 , an exemplary configuration of the SIMO converter319 is illustrated. In detail, the SIMO converter 319 may include aconversion circuit 321 and a converter controller 324.

The conversion circuit 321 may include one inductor LBB3, a plurality ofconversion switches SE1, SE2, and SE3, a plurality of output switchesSE4, SE5, and SE6, and a plurality of capacitors C1, C2, and C3. Assuch, the conversion circuit 321 may be implemented with a buck-boostingconverter that bucks (or steps down) or boosts (or steps up) the inputvoltage VBAT. Also, the conversion circuit 321 may generate theplurality of voltages VO1, VO2, and VO3 under control of the convertercontroller 324. The plurality of capacitors C1, C2, and C3 may uniformlymaintain voltage levels of the plurality of voltages VO1, VO2, and VO3,respectively.

For example, the plurality of capacitors C1, C2, and C3 may be loadcapacitors, and a capacity of each of the plurality of capacitors C1,C2, and C3 may be from several to hundreds of uF (microfarads). Also,the plurality of capacitors C1, C2, and C3 may not be included in theSIMO converter 319. That is, the plurality of capacitors C1, C2, and C3may be provided outside the SIMO converter 319. However, for convenienceof description, an embodiment of the present disclosure will bedescribed in which the plurality of capacitors C1, C2, and C3 areprovided within the SIMO converter 319.

The converter controller 324 may generate switching control signalsbased on the reference voltage signals VREF_APT1, VREF_APT2, andVREF_VLA and may control a turn-on or a turn-off of the plurality ofswitches SA1 to SA5. As such, the plurality of voltages VO1, VO2, andVO3 may be generated based on a turn-on or a turn-off of each of theplurality of switches SA1 to SA5.

In detail, the converter controller 324 may generate the plurality ofvoltages VO1, VO2, and VO3 having desired levels by controlling theswitching control signals by using a PWM or PFM scheme based on theplurality of reference voltage signals VREF_APT1, VREF_APT2, andVREF_VLA. Also, as levels of the plurality of voltages VO1, VO2, and VO3are fed back to the converter controller 324 (i.e., VO1 being fed backas VDD_LA, VO2 being fed back as VOUT_APT1, and VO3 being fed back asVOUT_APT2), the converter controller 324 may control the switchingcontrol signals such that a level of each of the plurality of voltagesVO1, VO2, and VO3 is set to a desired level.

In an embodiment, the configuration of the SIMO converter 319illustrated in FIG. 24 is, but is not limited to, only an exemplaryembodiment.

Returning to FIG. 23 , the switching regulator 330 may operate togetherwith the linear regulator LA for the purpose of generating the outputvoltage VET_APT in the ET mode and may selectively operate with the SIMOconverter 319 for the purpose of generating the output voltage VET_APTin the APT mode. Also, the switching regulator 330 may be controlled bythe main controller 360.

In detail, in the ET mode, the switching regulator 330 may operate inparallel with the linear regulator LA. That is, the switching regulator330 may increase or decrease the output voltage VET_APT by controlling aturn-on or a turn-off of a switch (i.e., SB1 to SB10 of FIG. 6 )included therein, based on the reference voltage signal VREF_VACprovided through the digital-to-analog converter DAC_d, the sensingsignal ISA of the current ILA output from the linear regulator LA, andthe voltage VAC of the AC coupling capacitor CAC.

Meanwhile, in the APT mode, when the SIMO converter 319 does not operatebut the switching regulator 330 does, the switching regulator 330 mayindependently regulate an input voltage (i.e., a power (e.g., VBAT ofFIG. 6 ) provided from a battery) to a target level. The switchingregulator 330 may provide the regulated voltage VSW to the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT.

In an embodiment, some D_REF1, D_REF2, and D2 of digital signalsprovided from the MODEM 100 may be respectively converted into referencevoltage signals VREF_APT1, VREF_APT2, and VREF_VAC throughdigital-to-analog converters DAC_b, DAC_c, and DAC_d, and the convertedreference voltage signals VREF_APT1, VREF_APT2, and VREF_VAC may beprovided to the switching regulator 330. Only one of the convertedreference voltage signals VREF_APT1 and VREF_APT2 may be selectedthrough the multiplexer MUX so as to be provided to the switchingregulator 330 as VREF_APT. Of course, an operation of the multiplexerMUX may be controlled by the main controller 360.

As such, when operating in the APT mode, the switching regulator 330 maybe provided with one of the two reference voltage signals VREF_APT1 andVREF_APT2 through the multiplexer MUX. The switching regulator 330 maygenerate the modulation voltage VSW based on the provided referencevoltage signal VREF_APT1 or VREF_APT2.

In detail, in the APT mode, when the first switch SW1 is turned on andthe second switch SW2 is turned off, the reference voltage signalVREF_APT1 may be selected through the multiplexer MUX and may beprovided to the switching regulator 330. In contrast, in the APT mode,when the first switch SW1 is turned off and the second switch SW2 isturned on, the reference voltage signal VREF_APT2 may be selectedthrough the multiplexer MUX and may be provided to the switchingregulator 330. As such, when driven in the APT mode or the ET mode, theswitching regulator 330 may generate the modulation voltage VSW by usingthe reference voltage signals VREF_APT1, VREF_APT2, and VREF_VAC.

The main controller 360 may decide the tracking mode and may control atleast one of the first switch SW1, the second switch SW2, the linearregulator LA, the switching regulator 330, the SIMO converter 319, themultiplexer MUX, the noise reduction unit 370, and the feedback unit 390based on the decided tracking mode. In detail, the MODEM 100 may providethe main controller 360 with the tracking mode decision signal and maydecide the tracking mode of the supply modulator 300-3 based on theprovided tracking mode decision signal.

As such, when the tracking mode is decided to be the ET mode, the maincontroller 360 may turn off the first and second switches SW1 and SW2and may control a parallel operation of the linear regulator LA and theswitching regulator 330. In this case, the linear regulator LA and theswitching regulator 330 may together generate the first modulationvoltage according to the ET and may provide the generated firstmodulation voltage to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as theoutput voltage VET_APT.

In contrast, when the tracking mode is decided to be the APT mode, themain controller 360 may turn on at least one of the first and secondswitches SW1 and SW2 and may control an output voltage generatingoperation of one of the SIMO converter 319 and the switching regulator330. In this case, one of the SIMO converter 319 and the switchingregulator 330 may generate the second modulation voltage according tothe APT and may provide the generated second modulation voltage to thepower amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT.

In an embodiment, in the case where the SIMO converter 319 generates thesecond modulation voltage according to the APT in the APT mode, undercontrol of the main controller 360, a voltage charged to one of thesecond and third capacitors C2 and C3 of the SIMO converter 319 may besupplied to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the outputvoltage VET_APT.

As such, the supply modulator 300-3 of FIG. 23 may have the aboveconfiguration and characteristic, and an operation of the supplymodulator 300-3 according to the tracking mode will be described withreference to FIGS. 25 to 27 .

In an embodiment, in FIGS. 25 to 27 , a portion marked by a bold linerepresents an operation enable path in the corresponding drawing. Eachdrawing will be described with reference to FIG. 23 together.

First, referring to FIG. 25 , an operation of the supply modulator 300-3in the APT mode is illustrated.

The MODEM 100 may provide the main controller 360 with the APT modedecision signal and may decide the APT mode of the supply modulator300-3 based on the provided APT mode decision signal. In this case, themain controller 360 may turn on at least one of the first and secondswitches SW1 and SW2 based on the decided tracking mode. Also, one ofthe SIMO converter 319 and the switching regulator 330 may generate thesecond modulation voltage VO2, VO3, or VSW according to the APT, undercontrol of the main controller 360, and may provide the generated secondmodulation voltage VO2, VO3, or VSW to the power amplifier (e.g., PA ofFIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT.

In detail, to generate the second modulation voltage VSW according tothe APT, the switching regulator 330 may be provided with the referencevoltage signal VREF_APT (in FIG. 25 , an example illustrated asVREF_APT1 is selected as VREF_APT) through the multiplexer MUX. Theswitching regulator 330 may compare the reference voltage signalVREF_APT and the current output voltage VOUT_APT. Here, the currentoutput voltage VOUT_APT, which is a current voltage value of VSW, may bea voltage value of VET_APT according to a current tracking mode. Theswitching regulator 330 may generate the second modulation voltage VSWbased on a comparison result. Also, the switching regulator 330 mayprovide the generated second modulation voltage VSW to the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT. Ofcourse, even in the case where the switching regulator 330 generates thesecond modulation voltage VSW, at least one of the first and secondswitches SW1 and SW2 may be turned on (in FIG. 25 , an exampleillustrated as the first switch SW1 is turned on and the second switchSW2 is turned off).

Although not illustrated in the drawings, in the case where the SIMOconverter 319 generates the second modulation voltage VO2 according tothe APT under control of the main controller 360, the SIMO converter 319may be provided with the reference voltage signal VREF_APT1 or VREF_APT2from the digital-to-analog converter DAC_b or DAC_c. The SIMO converter319 may generate the second modulation voltage VO2 or VO3 based on aresult of comparing the provided reference voltage signal VREF_APT1 orVREF_APT2 and a current output voltage VOUT_APT1 or VOUT_APT2. Here, thecurrent output voltage VOUT_APT1 or VOUT_APT2, which is a currentvoltage value of VO2 or VO3, may be a voltage value of VET_APT accordingto a current tracking mode. Also, the SIMO converter 319 may provide thegenerated second modulation voltage VO2 or VO3 to the power amplifier(e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT.

Next, referring to FIG. 26 , an operation of the supply modulator 300-3in the ET mode is illustrated.

The MODEM 100 may provide the main controller 360 with the ET modedecision signal and may decide the ET mode of the supply modulator 300-3based on the provided ET mode decision signal. In this case, the maincontroller 360 may turn off the first and second switches SW1 and SW2based on the decided tracking mode. Also, the linear regulator LA andthe switching regulator 330 may together generate the first modulationvoltage according to the ET through a parallel operation under controlof the main controller 360 and may provide the generated firstmodulation voltage to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as theoutput voltage VET_APT.

In detail, as illustrated in FIG. 26 , the SIMO converter 319 may beprovided with the reference voltage signal VREF_VLA from thedigital-to-analog converter DAC_a. The SIMO converter 319 may generatethe voltage VO1 to be provided to the linear regulator LA as a powersupply voltage, based on a result of comparing the provided referencevoltage signal VREF_VLA and a current output voltage VO1 (i.e., VDD_LA)of the SIMO converter 319.

The linear regulator LA may be provided with the power supply voltageVO1 from the SIMO converter 319 and may be provided with the noise-freeanalog envelope signals ENV_P and ENV_N from the noise reduction unit370. Also, the linear regulator LA may amplify and output the providedanalog envelope signals ENV_P and ENV_N by using the power supplyvoltage VO1.

Here, an output of the linear regulator LA may be fed back to thenegative terminal (−) of the linear regulator LA through the feedbackunit 390, and thus, an output level of the linear regulator LA may beadjusted based on the feedback result.

Meanwhile, the switching regulator 330 may be provided with thereference voltage signal VREF_VAC from the digital-to-analog converterDAC_d. Also, the switching regulator 330 may generate and output acurrent (e.g., ISW of FIG. 8 ) based on the provided reference voltagesignal VREF_VAC, the sensing signal ISA of the current ILA output fromthe linear regulator LA, and the voltage VAC of the AC couplingcapacitor CAC.

The output current (e.g., ISW of FIG. 8 ) of the switching regulator 330and the output current (e.g., ILA) of the linear regulator LA, which aregenerated through the above procedure, may be combined, and the combinedcurrent may be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) asa current (e.g., IET_APT of FIG. 8 ) forming the power supply voltageVET_APT.

Finally, referring to FIG. 27 , an operation of the supply modulator300-3 for changing a voltage level of the second modulation voltage(e.g., a modulation voltage according to the APT mode) is illustrated.In an embodiment, FIG. 27 illustrates how to change a voltage level ofthe second modulation voltage in a state in which the second modulationvoltage supplied by the second capacitor C2 or the second modulationvoltage supplied by the switching regulator 330 is provided to the poweramplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT.

In detail, in a current period (i.e., a current TTI), under control ofthe main controller 360, the first switch SW1 may be turned on, and thesecond switch SW2 may be turned off. In the current period, theswitching regulator 330 may be provided with the reference voltagesignal VREF_APT (i.e., the reference voltage signal VREF_APT1 beingselected through the multiplexer MUX) through the multiplexer MUX. Also,the switching regulator 330 may generate the second modulation voltageVSW based on a result of comparing the reference voltage signal VREF_APTand the current output voltage VOUT_APT. Here, the current outputvoltage VOUT_APT, which is a current voltage value of VSW, may be avoltage value of VET_APT according to a current tracking mode. As such,the second modulation voltage VSW supplied by the second capacitor C2 orthe second modulation voltage supplied by the switching regulator 330may be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as theoutput voltage VET_APT.

In this situation, to change a voltage level of the second modulationvoltage in a next period (i.e., a next TTI), the SIMO converter 319 mayin advance charge or discharge the third capacitor C3 to an expectedvoltage level in the current period such that a voltage of the thirdcapacitor C3 is set to an expected voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage (i.e., an expected voltage level of the outputvoltage VET_APT) before the next period starts. Here, the expectedvoltage level may be a voltage level that the second modulation voltageis intended to reach through a voltage change.

Here, the SIMO converter 319 may be provided with the reference voltagesignal VREF_APT2 from the digital-to-analog converter DAC_c. The SIMOconverter 319 may in advance charge or discharge the third capacitor C3based on a result of comparing the provided reference voltage signalVREF_APT2 and the current output voltage VOUT_APT2 (i.e., meaning acurrent voltage value of VO3).

In this case, in a next period, under control of the main controller360, the first switch SW1 may be turned off, and the second switch SW2may be turned on. As such, a voltage of the third capacitor C3 may beapplied to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the secondmodulation voltage (i.e., the output voltage VET_APT). That is, avoltage level of the second modulation voltage may be quickly changed bycharging/discharging a capacitor(s) in advance.

As described above, the supply modulator 300-3 may operate in the APTmode or the ET mode based on the above principle, and a mechanism inwhich an output voltage varies in each tracking mode will be describedwith reference to FIGS. 28A to 30B.

In an embodiment, a mechanism in which a voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage varies is illustrated in FIGS. 28A and 28B, amechanism in which an output voltage varies when a mode is switched fromthe APT mode to the ET mode is illustrated in FIGS. 29A and 29B, and amechanism in which an output voltage varies in the ET mode isillustrated in FIGS. 30A and 30B. The description will be givensequentially. Also, in each drawing, the description will be given underthe assumption that a time interval unit by which a level of an outputvoltage is changed is the transmission time interval (TTI).

First, FIG. 28A illustrates how a voltage level of the second modulationvoltage V_APT (i.e., a voltage level of the output voltage VET_APT)increases from the first voltage level LV1 to the second voltage levelLV2 higher than the first voltage level LV1 in a state where the firstswitch SW1 is turned on, the second switch SW2 is turned off, and thesecond modulation voltage V_APT (e.g., the voltage VC2 of the secondcapacitor C2 charged to the first voltage level LV1) is being suppliedto the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltageVET_APT.

Referring to FIGS. 23 and 28A, the MODEM 100 may provide the maincontroller 360 with the output voltage magnitude signal for changing avoltage level of the output voltage VET_APT from the first voltage levelLV1 to the second voltage level LV2. In response to the output voltagemagnitude signal, the SIMO converter 319 may charge a voltage VC3 of thethird capacitor C3 to the second voltage level LV2 in advance before thetime point t1 (i.e., a start time point of a next period (e.g., a nextTTI)) when the voltage level of the second modulation voltage V_APTstarts to change. At the time point t1 at which the voltage level of thesecond modulation voltage V_APT starts to change, the main controller360 may turn off the first switch SW1 and may turn on the second switchSW2.

As such, when the first switch SW1 is turned off and the second switchSW2 is turned on, the voltage VC3 charged to the third capacitor C3 maybe provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the secondmodulation voltage V_APT. As such, the voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT may be quickly increased to the second voltagelevel LV2 from the first voltage level LV1. That is, the voltage levelof the second modulation voltage V_APT (i.e., a voltage level of theoutput voltage VET_APT) may be quickly increased through the mechanismdescribed above. In addition, unlike FIG. 14A, stabilization is possibleafter quickly reaching a target voltage level (i.e., the second voltagelevel LV2) without switching to APT mode-ET mode-APT mode and a standbyperiod (i.e., t1′ to t2 of FIG. 14A) necessary to switch from the ETmode to the APT mode.

In an embodiment, from a specific time point after t1, instead of thethird capacitor C3, the switching regulator 330 may generate the secondmodulation voltage V_APT (of course, a modulation voltage of the secondvoltage level LV2) and may provide the output voltage VET_APT to thepower amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ). That is, after t1 and before anext change time point (e.g., a tracking mode change or an outputvoltage magnitude change), the voltage VC3 of the third capacitor C3 maycontinue to be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) asthe output voltage VET_APT, or a voltage generated by the switchingregulator 330 may be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3) instead of the voltage VC3 of the third capacitor C3. However, in anembodiment of the present disclosure, a situation after t1 will beomitted.

Although at least two of VC1, VC2, VC3, and VET_APT have the samevoltage value in a specific period, FIG. 28A represents each of VC1,VC2, VC3, and VET_APT with non-overlapping lines for better illustrationand understanding.

Meanwhile, FIG. 28B illustrates how a voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT (i.e., a voltage level of the output voltageVET_APT) decreases from the second voltage level LV2 to the firstvoltage level LV1 lower than the second voltage level LV2 in a statewhere the second switch SW2 is turned on, the first switch SW1 is turnedoff, and the second modulation voltage V_APT (e.g., the voltage VC3 ofthe third capacitor C3 charged to the second voltage level LV2) is beingsupplied to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the outputvoltage VET_APT.

Referring to FIGS. 23 and 28B, the MODEM 100 may provide the maincontroller 360 with the output voltage magnitude signal for changing avoltage level of the output voltage VET_APT from the second voltagelevel LV2 to the first voltage level LV1. In response to the outputvoltage magnitude signal, the SIMO converter 319 may discharge thevoltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2 to the first voltage level LV1 inadvance before the time point t1 (i.e., a start time point of a nextperiod (e.g., a next TTI)) when the voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT starts to change. At the time point t1 at whichthe voltage level of the second modulation voltage V_APT starts tochange, the main controller 360 may turn on the first switch SW1 and mayturn off the second switch SW2.

As such, when the first switch SW1 is turned on and the second switchSW2 is turned off, the voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2 may beprovided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the secondmodulation voltage V_APT. As such, the voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage V_APT may be quickly decreased from the secondvoltage level LV2 to the first voltage level LV1.

That is, the voltage level of the second modulation voltage V_APT (i.e.,a voltage level of the output voltage VET_APT) may be quickly decreasedthrough the mechanism described above. In addition, unlike FIG. 14B,stabilization is possible after quickly reaching a target voltage level(i.e., the first voltage level LV1) without switching to APT mode-ETmode-APT mode and a standby period (i.e., t1′ to t2 of FIG. 14B)necessary to switch from the ET mode to the APT mode.

In an embodiment, from a specific time point after t1, instead of thesecond capacitor C2, the switching regulator 330 may generate the secondmodulation voltage V_APT (of course, a modulation voltage of the firstvoltage level LV1) and may provide the output voltage VET_APT to thepower amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ). That is, after t1 and before anext change time point (e.g., a tracking mode change or an outputvoltage magnitude change), the voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2may continue to be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 )as the output voltage VET_APT, or a voltage generated by the switchingregulator 330 may be provided to the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3) instead of the voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2. However, in anembodiment of the present disclosure, a situation after t1 will beomitted.

Although at least two of VC1, VC2, VC3, and VET_APT have the samevoltage value in a specific period, FIG. 28B represents each of VC1,VC2, VC3, and VET_APT with non-overlapping lines for better illustrationand understanding.

FIG. 29A illustrates the case where a voltage level of the firstcapacitor C1 in the APT mode is lower than an expected voltage level ofthe first modulation voltage V_ET according to the ET mode in a statewhere the first switch SW1 is turned on, the second switch SW2 is turnedoff, and the APT mode has to be switched to the ET mode. FIG. 29A isassociated with the case where the voltage VC2 of the second capacitorC2 is provided as the output voltage VET_APT through the first switchSW1.

Referring to FIGS. 23 and 29A, the MODEM 100 may provide the maincontroller 360 with the tracking mode decision signal, for switchingfrom the APT mode to the ET mode, and the output voltage magnitudesignal indicating that the expected voltage level of the output voltageVET_APT after a mode change is “LVE1”. As such, after the SIMO converter319 charges the voltage VC1 of the first capacitor C1 to the expectedvoltage level LVE1 of the first modulation voltage V_ET in advancebefore the tracking mode change time point t1 under control of the maincontroller 360, the main controller 360 may switch from the APT mode tothe ET mode. In an embodiment, the expected voltage level LVE1 of thefirst modulation voltage V_ET may be a peak level within thecorresponding TTI (e.g., a TTI starting from t1).

Here, when the tracking mode is changed to the ET mode at t1, the firstswitch SW1 may be turned off under control of the main controller 360,and the voltage VC1 charged to the first capacitor C1 may be provided tothe linear regulator LA as a power supply voltage. Under control of themain controller 360, the linear regulator LA may operate in parallelwith the switching regulator 330 to generate the first modulationvoltage V_ET. As such, a modulation voltage that is provided as theoutput voltage VET_APT may be quickly changed from the second modulationvoltage V_APT to the first modulation voltage V_ET. That is, through theabove mechanism, a modulation voltage may be quickly changed uponswitching from the APT mode to the ET mode.

Although at least two of VC1, VC2, VC3, and VET_APT have the samevoltage value in a specific period, FIG. 29A represents each of VC1,VC2, VC3, and VET_APT with non-overlapping lines for better illustrationand understanding.

Meanwhile, FIG. 29B illustrates the case where a voltage level of thesecond capacitor C2 in the ET mode is higher than an expected voltagelevel LVE2 of the second modulation voltage V_APT according to the APTmode in a state where the first and second switches SW1 and SW2 areturned off and the ET mode has to be switched to the APT mode. This isassociated with the case where the voltage VC2 charged to the secondcapacitor C2 is higher than the expected voltage level LVE2.

In this case, referring to FIGS. 23 and 29B, the MODEM 100 may providethe main controller 360 with the tracking mode decision signal (i.e., asignal directing a switch from the ET mode to the APT mode) and theoutput voltage magnitude signal (i.e., indicating that the expectedvoltage level of the output voltage VET_APT after a mode change is“LVE2”). As such, after the SIMO converter 319 discharges the voltageVC2 of the second capacitor C2 to the expected voltage level LVE2 of thesecond modulation voltage V_APT in advance before the tracking modechange time point t1 under control of the main controller 360, the maincontroller 360 may turn on the first switch SW1 and may switch from theET mode to the APT mode.

Here, when the tracking mode is changed to the APT mode at t1, the firstswitch SW1 may be turned on under control of the main controller 360,and the voltage VC2 of the second capacitor C2 may be provided to thepower amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT. Assuch, a modulation voltage that is provided as the output voltageVET_APT may be quickly changed from the first modulation voltage V_ET tothe second modulation voltage V_APT. That is, through the abovemechanism, a modulation voltage may be quickly changed upon switchingfrom the ET mode to the APT mode.

In an embodiment, from a specific time point after t1, instead of thesecond capacitor C2, the switching regulator 330 may generate the secondmodulation voltage V_APT (of course, a modulation voltage of theexpected voltage level LVE2) and may provide the output voltage VET_APTto the power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ). That is, after t1 andbefore a next change time point (e.g., a tracking mode change or anoutput voltage magnitude change), the voltage VC2 of the secondcapacitor C2 may continue to be provided to the power amplifier (e.g.,PA of FIG. 3 ) as the output voltage VET_APT, or a voltage generated bythe switching regulator 330 may be provided to the power amplifier(e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ) instead of the voltage VC2 of the second capacitorC2. However, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, a situationafter t1 will be omitted.

Although at least two of VC1, VC2, VC3, and VET_APT have the samevoltage value in a specific period, FIG. 29B represents each of VC1,VC2, VC3, and VET_APT with non-overlapping lines for better illustrationand understanding.

FIG. 30A illustrates how to increase a maximum voltage level of thefirst modulation voltage V_ET, in a next period (e.g., a next TTI)belonging to the ET mode, to the second voltage level LV2 higher thanthe first voltage level LV1 in a state in which a maximum voltage levelof the first modulation voltage V_ET in a current period (e.g., acurrent TTI) belonging to the ET mode is the first voltage level LV1.

Referring to FIGS. 23 and 30A, the MODEM 100 may provide the maincontroller 360 with the output voltage magnitude signal for changing amaximum voltage level of the output voltage VET_APT from the firstvoltage level LV1 to the second voltage level LV2. In response to theoutput voltage magnitude signal, the SIMO converter 319 may charge thevoltage VC1 of the first capacitor C1 to the second voltage level LV2 inadvance in a current period. Under control of the main controller 360,the voltage VC1 of the first capacitor C1, which is charged to thesecond voltage level LV2 in advance before entering a next period, maybe provided to the linear regulator LA as a power supply voltage. Ofcourse, because the ET mode is maintained without changing the trackingmode, all the first and second switches SW1 and SW2 maintain a turn-offstate.

Here, when the switching from a current period to a next period is madeat t1 in the ET mode, under control of the main controller 360, thevoltage VC1 charged to the first capacitor C1 may be provided to thelinear regulator LA as a power supply voltage in advance before enteringthe next period. As such, the voltage level of the first modulationvoltage V_ET may be stably increased without a clipping phenomenon. Thatis, through the above mechanism, the voltage level of the firstmodulation voltage V_ET may be stably increased without the clippingphenomenon.

Meanwhile, FIG. 30B illustrates how to decrease a maximum voltage levelof the first modulation voltage V_ET, in a next period (e.g., a nextTTI) belonging to the ET mode, to the first voltage level LV1 lower thanthe second voltage level LV2 in a state where a maximum voltage level ofthe first modulation voltage V_ET in a current period (e.g., a currentTTI) belonging to the ET mode is the second voltage level LV2.

Referring to FIGS. 23 and 30B, the MODEM 100 may provide the maincontroller 360 with the output voltage magnitude signal for changing amaximum voltage level of the output voltage VET_APT from the secondvoltage level LV2 to the first voltage level LV1. The SIMO converter 319may maintain the voltage VC1 of the first capacitor C1 at the secondvoltage level LV2 in a current period under control of the maincontroller 360. Afterwards, when a next period starts (i.e., after thenext period starts), in response to the output voltage magnitude signal,the SIMO converter 319 may discharge the voltage VC1 of the firstcapacitor C1, charged to the second voltage level LV2, to the firstvoltage level LV1. Of course, because the ET mode is maintained withoutchanging the tracking mode, the first and second switches SW1 and SW2maintain a turn-off state.

At t1, when the switching from the current period to the next period inthe ET mode is made, under control of the main controller 360, thevoltage VC1 of the first capacitor C1 may be provided to the linearregulator LA as a power supply voltage after entering the next period.As such, the voltage level of the first modulation voltage V_ET may bestably decreased without a clipping phenomenon. That is, through theabove mechanism, the voltage level of the first modulation voltage V_ETmay be stably decreased without the clipping phenomenon.

The third example 300-3 of a supply modulator according to an embodimentof the present disclosure is described above. Below, a fourth example ofa supply modulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosurewill be described with reference to FIG. 31 .

FIG. 31 is a circuit diagram illustrating a fourth example of a supplymodulator included in a wireless communication apparatus according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure.

In an embodiment, below, for convenience of description, it is assumedthat a supply modulator 300-4 is implemented with the supply modulator300 of the wireless communication apparatus 2 illustrated in FIG. 3 .Also, the supply modulator 300-4 of FIG. 31 and the supply modulator300-1 of FIG. 4 are identical except for some components and amechanism, and thus, a difference will be mainly described.

Referring to FIG. 31 , a fourth example 300-4 of a supply modulatoraccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include theSIMO converter 310, first and second switching regulators 330 and 332,first and second linear regulators LA1 and LA2, first and second noisereduction units 370 and 372, first and second feedback units 390 and392, first and second AC coupling capacitors CAC1 and CAC2, first andsecond switches SW1 and SW2, a plurality of digital-to-analog convertersDAC_a to DAC_e, and the main controller 360.

In detail, the supply modulator 300-4 of FIG. 31 may be intended tosupply output voltages VET_APT1 and VET_APT2 to a plurality of poweramplifiers (e.g., in the case where PA of FIG. 3 is provided inplurality, for example, first and second power amplifiers),respectively. As such, the supply modulator 300-4 of FIG. 31 may furtherinclude one switching regulator, one linear regulator, one noisereduction unit, one feedback unit, one AC coupling capacitor, and oneswitch compared to the supply modulator 300-1 of FIG. 4 .

Also, because the supply modulator 300-4 of FIG. 31 requires morereference voltage signals than the supply modulator 300-1 of FIG. 4 ,the number of digital-to-analog converters included in the supplymodulator 300-4 may be two more than that included in the supplymodulator 300-1. As such, the supply modulator 300-4 of FIG. 31 may usefive reference voltage signals VREF_VLA, VREF_APT1, VREF_VAC1,VREF_APT2, and VREF_VAC2 respectively converted through the fivedigital-to-analog converters DAC_a to DAC_e. VREF_VAC2 is converted bydigital-to-analog converter DAC_e from digital signal D3.

As in the supply modulator 300-1 of FIG. 4 , the supply modulator 300-4of FIG. 31 may include one SIMO converter; however, unlike the SIMOconverter 310 of FIG. 4 , the SIMO converter 310 of FIG. 31 may includethree capacitors C1 to C3 (the capacitors C1 to C3 being capable ofbeing implemented as external elements of the SIMO converter 310) andmay generate and output three voltages VO1, VO2, and VO3 through threeoutput terminals. As such, in the supply modulator 300-4 of FIG. 31 ,the first voltage VO1 of the SIMO converter 310 may be provided to atleast one of the first and second linear regulators LA1 and LA2, and thesecond and third voltages VO2 and VO3 of the SIMO converter 310 may beprovided to the second and third capacitors C2 and C3, respectively.

For convenience of description, assuming that the first linear regulatorLA1 and the first switching regulator 330 constitute a first modulationcircuit and the second linear regulator LA2 and the second switchingregulator 332 constitute a second modulation circuit, each component ofthe supply modulator 300-4 will be simply described below.

The first modulation circuit may include the first linear regulator LA1,which operates to generate the first output voltage VET_APT1 in the ETmode, and the first switching regulator 330, which operates togetherwith the first linear regulator LA1 to generate the first output voltageVET_APT1 in the ET mode and selectively operates to generate the firstoutput voltage VET_APT1 in the APT mode, and may provide the firstoutput voltage VET_APT1 to a first power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3).

The second modulation circuit may include the second linear regulatorLA2, which operates to generate the second output voltage VET_APT2 inthe ET mode, and the second switching regulator 332, which operatestogether with the second linear regulator LA2 to generate the secondoutput voltage VET_APT2 in the ET mode and selectively operates togenerate the second output voltage VET_APT2 in the APT mode, and mayprovide the second output voltage VET_APT2 to a second power amplifier(e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ).

The SIMO converter 310 may selectively operate with a switchingregulator operating in the APT mode from among the first and secondswitching regulators 330 and 332, and may operate to provide a powersupply voltage to a linear regulator operating in the ET mode from amongthe first and second linear regulators LA1 and LA2. The SIMO converter310 may include the first capacitor C1 that is connected with a powersupply terminal of each of the first and second linear regulators LA1and LA2 and is charged/discharged for a change of the tracking mode or amagnitude change of the first or second output voltage VET_APT1 orVET_APT2, the second capacitor C2 that is selectively connected with anoutput terminal of the first linear regulator LA1 through the firstswitch SW1 and is charged/discharged for a change of the tracking modeor a magnitude change of the first output voltage VET_APT1, and thethird capacitor C3 that is selectively connected with an output terminalof the second linear regulator LA2 through the second switch SW2different from the first switch SW1 and is charged/discharged for achange of the tracking mode or a magnitude change of the second outputvoltage VET_APT2.

The main controller 360 may decide the tracking mode for each of thefirst and second power amplifiers and may control at least one of thefirst switch SW1, the second switch SW2, the first modulation circuit,the second modulation circuit, and the SIMO converter 310 based on thedecided tracking mode. Of course, the main controller 360 may alsocontrol the first and second feedback units 390 and 392 and the firstand second noise reduction units 370 and 372.

The first AC coupling capacitor CAC1 may be connected between the outputterminal of the first linear regulator LA1 and a first output terminal(i.e., a portion from which VET_APT1 is output) of the supply modulator300-4 to decrease a necessary amount of a power supply voltage of thefirst linear regulator LA1.

The second AC coupling capacitor CAC2 may be connected between theoutput terminal of the second linear regulator LA2 and a second outputterminal (i.e., a portion from which VET_APT2 is output) of the supplymodulator 300-4 to decrease a necessary amount of a power supply voltageof the second linear regulator LA2.

Here, the first output terminal of the supply modulator 300-4 may beconnected with the first power amplifier, and the second output terminalof the supply modulator 300-4 may be connected with the second poweramplifier. That is, the supply modulator 300-4 may be driven in at leastone tracking mode of the ET mode and the APT mode in the same principleas the supply modulator 300-1 of FIG. 4 based on the above configurationand characteristic and may provide the first and second output voltagesVET_APT1 and VET_APT2 to the first and second power amplifiers,respectively.

In an embodiment, the supply modulator 300-4 is illustrated ascomponents that are bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the SIMOconverter 310. However, the supply modulator 300-4 of FIG. 31 mayinclude components that are bilaterally asymmetrical with respect to theSIMO converter 310. For example, one load capacitor C3 and one switchSW2 may be provided on the left of drawing, but in addition to the loadcapacitor C2 and the switch SW1, one load capacitor and one switch maybe further provided on the right of drawing. However, for convenience ofdescription, the case where components of the supply modulator 300-4 arebilaterally symmetrical with respect to the SIMO converter 310 isdescribed above as an example.

In FIGS. 31-33 , each of: (1) capacitors CET1 and CET2 comports withcapacitor CET of FIG. 4 , (2) sensing signals ISA1 and ISA2 comportswith sensing signal ISA of FIG. 4 , (3) voltages VAC1 and VAC2 comportswith voltage VAC of FIG. 4 , (4) voltages VLA1 and VLA2 comports withvoltage VLA of FIG. 4 , (5) voltages VAC1 and VAC2 comports with voltageVAC of FIG. 4 , (6) positive signals ENV_P1 and ENV_P2 comports withpositive signal ENV_P in FIG. 4 , and (7) negative signals ENV_N1 andENV_N2 comports with negative signal ENV_N in FIG. 4 .

FIG. 32 is a circuit diagram illustrating a fifth example of a supplymodulator included in a wireless communication apparatus according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure.

Below, for convenience of description, it is assumed that a supplymodulator 300-5 is implemented with the supply modulator 300 of thewireless communication apparatus 2 illustrated in FIG. 3 . Also, thesupply modulator 300-5 of FIG. 32 and the supply modulator 300-2 of FIG.17 are identical except for some components and a mechanism, and thus, adifference will be mainly described.

Referring to FIG. 32 , the supply modulator 300-5 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may include the boost-buckconverter 315, first and second linear chargers 320 and 323, the firstand second switching regulator 330 and 332, the first and second linearregulators LA1 and LA2, the first and second noise reduction units 370and 372, the first and second feedback units 390 and 392, the first andsecond AC coupling capacitors CAC1 and CAC2, the first and secondswitches SW1 and SW2, the plurality of digital-to-analog convertersDAC_a to DAC_e, and the main controller 360.

In the case where the wireless communication apparatus 2 of FIG. 3further includes another power amplifier (not illustrated) in additionto the power amplifier PA, the supply modulator 300-5 may be configuredto supply the output voltages VET_APT1 and VET_APT2 to the poweramplifiers of the wireless communication apparatus 2, respectively. Forexample, the supply modulator 300-5 may further include one linearcharger, one switching regulator, one linear regulator, one noisereduction unit, one feedback unit, one AC coupling capacitor, and oneswitch compared to the supply modulator 300-2 of FIG. 17 .

Because the supply modulator 300-5 requires more reference voltagesignals than the supply modulator 300-2 of FIG. 17 , the supplymodulator 300-5 may further include more digital-to-analog convertersthan the supply modulator 300-2 of FIG. 17 . As such, the supplymodulator 300-5 may use the five reference voltage signals VREF_VLA,VREF_APT1, VREF_VAC1, VREF_APT2, and VREF_VAC2 respectively convertedthrough the five digital-to-analog converters DAC_a to DAC_e.

The supply modulator 300-5 may include one boost-buck converter as inthe supply modulator 300-2 of FIG. 17 ; however, unlike a boost-buckconverter of FIG. 17 , an output terminal of the boost-buck converter315 may be connected with the first and second linear chargers 320 and323 and the first and second linear regulators LA1 and LA2. As such, inthe supply modulator 300-5, the first voltage VO1 of the boost-buckconverter 315 may be provided to at least one of the first and secondlinear chargers 320 and 323 and the first and second linear regulatorsLA1 and LA2.

Meanwhile, two load capacitors C2 and C3 may be respectively implementedas components of the linear chargers 320 and 323 but may be implementedas external components of the linear chargers 320 and 323.

Here, for convenience of description, assuming that the first linearregulator LA1 and the first switching regulator 330 constitute a firstmodulation circuit and the second linear regulator LA2 and the secondswitching regulator 332 constitute a second modulation circuit, eachcomponent of the supply modulator 300-5 will be simply described below.

The first modulation circuit may include the first linear regulator LA1,which operates to generate the first output voltage VET_APT1 in the ETmode, and the first switching regulator 330, which operates togetherwith the first linear regulator LA1 to generate the first output voltageVET_APT1 in the ET mode and selectively operates to generate the firstoutput voltage VET_APT1 in the APT mode, and may provide the firstoutput voltage VET_APT1 to a first power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3).

The second modulation circuit may include the second linear regulatorLA2, which operates to generate the second output voltage VET_APT2 inthe ET mode, and the second switching regulator 332, which operatestogether with the second linear regulator LA2 to generate the secondoutput voltage VET_APT2 in the ET mode and selectively operates togenerate the second output voltage VET_APT2 in the APT mode, and mayprovide the second output voltage VET_APT2 to a second power amplifier(e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ).

The boost-buck converter 315 may operate to provide a power supplyvoltage to a linear regulator operating in the ET mode from among thefirst and second linear regulators LA1 and LA2. The boost-buck converter315 may include the first capacitor C1 that is connected with a powersupply terminal of each of the first and second linear regulators LA1and LA2 (i.e., connected with power supply terminals of the first andsecond linear regulators LA1 and LA2 and power supply terminals of thefirst and second linear chargers 320 and 323) and is charged/dischargedfor a magnitude change of the first or second output voltage VET_APT1 orVET_APT2 or a change of the tracking mode.

The first linear charger 320 may operate selectively with the firstswitching regulator 330 for the purpose of generating the first outputvoltage VET_APT1 in the APT mode. Also, the first linear charger 320 mayinclude the second capacitor C2 that is selectively connected with theoutput terminal of the first linear regulator LA1 through the firstswitch SW1 and is charged/discharged for a change of the tracking modeor a magnitude change of the first output voltage VET_APT1.

The second linear charger 323 may operate selectively with the secondswitching regulator 332 for the purpose of generating the second outputvoltage VET_APT2 in the APT mode. Also, the second linear charger 323may include the third capacitor C3 that is selectively connected withthe output terminal of the second linear regulator LA2 through thesecond switch SW2 different from the first switch SW1 and ischarged/discharged for a change of the tracking mode or a magnitudechange of the second output voltage VET_APT2.

The main controller 360 may decide the tracking mode for each of thefirst and second amplifiers and may control at least one of the firstswitch SW1, the second switch SW2, the first modulation circuit, thesecond modulation circuit, and the boost-buck converter 315 based on thedecided tracking mode. Of course, the main controller 360 may alsocontrol the first and second feedback units 390 and 392 and the firstand second noise reduction units 370 and 372.

The first AC coupling capacitor CAC1 may be connected between the outputterminal of the first linear regulator LA1 and a first output terminal(i.e., a portion from which VET_APT1 is output) of the supply modulator300-5 to decrease a necessary amount of a power supply voltage of thefirst linear regulator LA1.

The second AC coupling capacitor CAC2 may be connected between theoutput terminal of the second linear regulator LA2 and a second outputterminal (i.e., a portion from which VET_APT2 is output) of the supplymodulator 300-5 to decrease a necessary amount of a power supply voltageof the second linear regulator LA2.

Here, the first output terminal of the supply modulator 300-5 may beconnected with the first power amplifier, and the second output terminalof the supply modulator 300-5 may be connected with the second poweramplifier.

That is, the supply modulator 300-5 may be driven in at least onetracking mode of the ET mode and the APT mode in the same principle asthe supply modulator 300-2 of FIG. 17 based on the above configurationand characteristic and may provide the first and second output voltagesVET_APT1 and VET_APT2 to the first and second power amplifiers,respectively.

In an embodiment, the supply modulator 300-5 is illustrated ascomponents that are bilaterally symmetrical with respect to theboost-buck converter 315. However, the supply modulator 300-5 mayinclude components that are bilaterally asymmetrical with respect to theboost-buck converter 315. For example, the supply modulator 300-5 maynot include the linear charger 323 and the load capacitor C3 illustratedon the left of drawing. However, for convenience of description, thecase where components of the supply modulator 300-5 are bilaterallysymmetrical with respect to the boost-buck converter 315 is illustratedin FIG. 32 as an example.

FIG. 33 is a circuit diagram illustrating a sixth example of a supplymodulator included in a wireless communication apparatus according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure.

Below, for convenience of description, it is assumed that a supplymodulator 300-6 is implemented with the supply modulator 300 of thewireless communication apparatus 2 illustrated in FIG. 3 . Also, thesupply modulator 300-6 of FIG. 33 and the supply modulator 300-3 of FIG.23 are identical except for some components and a mechanism, and thus, adifference will be mainly described.

Referring to FIG. 33 , the supply modulator 300-6 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may include the SIMO converter 319,the first and second switching regulator 330 and 332, the first andsecond linear regulators LA1 and LA2, the first and second noisereduction units 370 and 372, the first and second feedback units 390 and392, the first and second AC coupling capacitors CAC1 and CAC2, first tofourth switches SW1 to SW4, a plurality of digital-to-analog convertersDAC_a to DAC_g, first and second multiplexers MUX1 and MUX2, and themain controller 360.

In the case where the wireless communication apparatus 2 of FIG. 3further includes another power amplifier (not illustrated) in additionto the power amplifier PA, the supply modulator 300-6 may be configuredto supply the output voltages VET_APT1 and VET_APT2 to the poweramplifiers of the wireless communication apparatus 2, respectively. Forexample, compared to the supply modulator 300-3 of FIG. 23 , the supplymodulator 300-6 may further include one switching regulator, one linearregulator, one noise reduction unit, one feedback unit, one AC couplingcapacitor, and one multiplexer and may further include two switches.

Because the supply modulator 300-6 requires more reference voltagesignals than the supply modulator 300-3 of FIG. 23 , the supplymodulator 300-6 may further include more digital-to-analog convertersthan the supply modulator 300-3 of FIG. 23 . As such, the supplymodulator 300-6 may use seven reference voltage signals VREF_VLA,VREF_APT1 a, VREF_APT1 b, VREF_VAC1, VREF_APT2 a, VREF_APT2 b, VREF_VAC2respectively converted through the seven digital-to-analog convertersDAC_a to DAC_g.

The first multiplexer MUX1 may select one of the two reference voltagesignals VREF_APT1 a and VREF_APT1 b so as to be provided to the firstswitching regulator 330. The second multiplexer MUX2 may select one ofthe two reference voltage signals VREF_APT2 a and VREF_APT2 b so as tobe provided to the second switching regulator 332.

Meanwhile, unlike the SIMO converter 319 of FIG. 23 , the SIMO converter319 of FIG. 33 may include five capacitors C1 to C5 and may generate andoutput five voltages VO1 to VO5 through five output terminals. Here, thecapacitors C1 to C5 may be implemented as components of the SIMOconverter 319 or may be implemented as external components of the SIMOconverter 319. As such, in the supply modulator 300-6 of FIG. 33 , thefirst voltage VO1 of the SIMO converter 319 may be provided to at leastone of the first and second linear regulators LA1 and LA2, and thesecond to fifth voltages VO2 to VO5 of the SIMO converter 319 may beprovided to the second to fifth capacitors C2 to C5, respectively.

Here, for convenience of description, assuming that the first linearregulator LA1 and the first switching regulator 330 constitute a firstmodulation circuit and the second linear regulator LA2 and the secondswitching regulator 332 constitute a second modulation circuit, eachcomponent of the supply modulator 300-6 will be simply described below.

The first modulation circuit may include the first linear regulator LA1,which operates to generate the first output voltage VET_APT1 in the ETmode, and the first switching regulator 330, which operates togetherwith the first linear regulator LA1 to generate the first output voltageVET_APT1 in the ET mode and selectively operates to generate the firstoutput voltage VET_APT1 in the APT mode, and may provide the firstoutput voltage VET_APT1 to a first power amplifier (e.g., PA of FIG. 3).

The second modulation circuit may include the second linear regulatorLA2, which operates to generate the second output voltage VET_APT2 inthe ET mode, and the second switching regulator 332, which operatestogether with the second linear regulator LA2 to generate the secondoutput voltage VET_APT2 in the ET mode and selectively operates togenerate the second output voltage VET_APT2 in the APT mode, and mayprovide the second output voltage VET_APT2 to a second power amplifier(e.g., PA of FIG. 3 ).

The SIMO converter 319 may selectively operate with a switchingregulator operating in the APT mode from among the first and secondswitching regulators 330 and 332, and may operate to provide a powersupply voltage to a linear regulator operating in the ET mode from amongthe first and second linear regulators LA1 and LA2. The SIMO converter319 may include the first capacitor C1 that is connected with a powersupply terminal of each of the first and second linear regulators LA1and LA2 and is charged/discharged for a change of the tracking mode or amagnitude change of the first or second output voltage VET_APT1 orVET_APT2, the second capacitor C2 that is selectively connected with anoutput terminal of the first linear regulator LA1 through the firstswitch SW1 and is charged/discharged for a change of the tracking modeor a magnitude change of the first output voltage VET_APT1, the thirdcapacitor C3 that is selectively connected with an output terminal ofthe second linear regulator LA2 through the second switch SW2 differentfrom the first switch SW1 and is charged/discharged for a change of thetracking mode or a magnitude change of the second output voltageVET_APT2, the fourth capacitor C4 that is selectively connected with theoutput terminal of the first linear regulator LA1 through the thirdswitches SW3 different from the first and second switches SW1 and SW2and is charged/discharged for a change of the tracking mode or amagnitude change of the first output voltage VET_APT1, and the fifthcapacitor C5 that is selectively connected with the output terminal ofthe second linear regulator LA2 through the fourth switch SW4 differentfrom the first to third switches SW1 to SW3 and is charged/dischargedfor a change of the tracking mode or a magnitude change of the secondoutput voltage VET_APT2.

The main controller 360 may decide the tracking mode for each of thefirst and second amplifiers and may control at least one of the first tofourth switches SW1 to SW4, the first and second multiplexers MUX1 andMUX2, the first modulation circuit, the second modulation circuit, andthe SIMO converter 319 based on the decided tracking mode. Of course,the main controller 360 may also control the first and second feedbackunits 390 and 392 and the first and second noise reduction units 370 and372.

The first AC coupling capacitor CAC1 may be connected between the outputterminal of the first linear regulator LA1 and a first output terminal(i.e., a portion from which VET_APT1 is output) of the supply modulator300-6 to decrease a necessary amount of a power supply voltage of thefirst linear regulator LA1.

The second AC coupling capacitor CAC2 may be connected between theoutput terminal of the second linear regulator LA2 and a second outputterminal (i.e., a portion from which VET_APT2 is output) of the supplymodulator 300-6 to decrease a necessary amount of a power supply voltageof the second linear regulator LA2.

Here, the first output terminal of the supply modulator 300-6 may beconnected with the first power amplifier, and the second output terminalof the supply modulator 300-6 may be connected with the second poweramplifier.

That is, the supply modulator 300-6 may be driven in at least onetracking mode of the ET mode and the APT mode in the same principle asthe supply modulator 300-3 of FIG. 23 based on the above configurationand characteristic and may provide the first and second output voltagesVET_APT1 and VET_APT2 to the first and second power amplifiers,respectively.

In an embodiment, the supply modulator 300-6 is illustrated ascomponents that are bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the SIMOconverter 319. However, the supply modulator 300-6 may includecomponents that are bilaterally asymmetrical with respect to the SIMOconverter 319 (e.g., two load capacitors and two switches being on theleft and three load capacitors and three switches being on the right).However, for convenience of description, the case where components ofthe supply modulator 300-6 are bilaterally symmetrical with respect tothe SIMO converter 319 is illustrated in FIG. 33 as an example.

In FIG. 33 , reference voltage signal VREF_APT2 a is generated bydigital-to-analog converter DAC_e from digital signal D_REF3 andreference voltage signal VREF_APT2 b is generated by digital-to-analogconverter DAC_f from digital signal D_REF4. Current output voltageVOUT_APT1 a provides feedback of second voltage VO2, and current outputvoltage VOUT_APT1 b provides feedback of third voltage VO3. Currentoutput voltage VOUT_APT2 a provides feedback of fourth voltage VO4, andcurrent output voltage VOUT_APT2 b provides feedback of fifth voltageVO5.

FIG. 34 is a block diagram illustrating an Internet of Things (IoT)apparatus to which a wireless communication apparatus according to someembodiments of the present disclosure is applied.

Referring to FIG. 34 , an IoT may be a network between things that usewired and/or wireless communication. An IoT apparatus may include anaccessible wired or/and wireless interface and may include devices thatcommunicate with at least one or more other devices through the wiredor/and wireless interface to transmit or receive data. The accessibleinterface may include a MODEM communication interface that is accessibleto a local area network (LAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN) suchas a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), a wireless personal area network (WPAN)such as Bluetooth, a wireless universal serial bus (USB), a Zigbee, anear field communication (NFC), a radio-frequency identification (RFID),a power line communication (PLC), or mobile cellular networks such as3rd generation (3G), long term evolution (LTE), 4th generation (4G), or5th generation (5G). The Bluetooth interface may support Bluetooth lowenergy (BLE).

In detail, an IoT apparatus 1000 may include a communication interface1200 (RADIO transceiver/receiver) for communicating with the outside.The communication interface 1200 may be, for example, a MODEMcommunication interface that is accessible to: (1) a wireless local areanetwork such as a LAN, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or Zeebee, (2) PLC, or (3) amobile communication network, such as 3G, LTE, 4G, or 5G, etc. Thecommunication interface 1200 may include a transceiver and/or areceiver. The IoT apparatus 1000 may transmit and/or receive informationfrom an access point or a gateway through the transceiver and/or thereceiver. Also, the IoT apparatus 1000 may communicate with a userapparatus or any other IoT apparatus to transmit and/or receive controlinformation or data of the IoT apparatus 1000.

At least one of the wireless communication apparatuses 1 and 2 describedwith reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 may be implemented in the communicationinterface 1200, and thus, at least one of the supply modulators 300-1 to300-6 described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 33 may be implemented in atransmitter of the communication interface 1200.

The IoT apparatus 1000 may further include a processor or applicationprocessor (AP) 1100 performing a calculation. For internal power supply,the IoT apparatus 1000 may further include an embedded battery or apower supply unit that is supplied with power from the outside. Also,the IoT apparatus 1000 may include a display 1400 for displaying aninternal state or data. The user may control the IoT apparatus 1000through a user interface (UI) of the display 1400 in the IoT apparatus1000. The IoT apparatus 1000 may transmit an internal state and/or datato the outside through the transmitter and may receive a controlinstruction and/or data to the outside through the receiver.

A memory 1300 may store a control instruction code controlling the IoTapparatus 1000, control data, or user data. The memory 1300 may includeat least one of a volatile memory or a nonvolatile memory. Thenonvolatile memory includes at least one of various memories such as aread only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an electricallyprogrammable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable and programmable ROM(EEPROM), a flash memory, a phase-change RAM (PRAM), a magnetic RAM(MRAM), a resistive RAM (ReRAM), and a ferroelectric RAM (FRAM). Thevolatile memory may include at least one of various memories such as astatic RAM (SRAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), and a synchronous DRAM (SDRAM).

The IoT apparatus 1000 may further include a storage device. The storagedevice may include at least one of nonvolatile media such as a hard diskdrive (HDD), a solid state drive (SSD), an embedded multimedia card(eMMC), and a universal flash storage (UFS). The storage device maystore user information provided through an input/output unit (I/O) 1500and pieces of sensing information collected through a sensor 1600.

FIG. 35 is a block diagram illustrating a mobile terminal to which awireless communication apparatus according to some embodiments of thepresent disclosure is applied.

Referring to FIG. 35 , a mobile terminal 2000 may include an applicationprocessor (hereinafter referred to as an “AP”) 2100, a memory 2200, adisplay 2300, and an RF module 2410. In addition, the mobile terminal2000 may further include various components such as a lens and an audiomodule.

The AP 2100 may be implemented with a system on chip (SoC) and mayinclude a central processing unit (CPU) 2110, a RAM 2120, a powermanagement unit (PMU) 2130, a memory interface (I/F) 2140, a displaycontroller (DCON) 2150, a MODEM 2160, and a system bus 2170. Inaddition, the AP 2100 may further include various intellectualproperties (IPs). The AP 2100 may be integrated with a function of aMODEM chip therein, which is referred to as a “ModAP”.

The CPU 2110 may control overall operations of the AP 2100 and themobile terminal 2000. The CPU 2110 may control an operation of eachcomponent of the AP 2100. Also, the CPU 2110 may be implemented with amulti-core. The multi-core may be one computing component having two ormore independent cores.

The RAM 2120 may temporarily store programs, data, or instructions. Forexample, the programs and/or data stored in the memory 2200 may betemporarily stored in the RAM 2120 under control of the CPU 2110 ordepending on a booting code. The RAM 2120 may be implemented with a DRAMor an SRAM.

The PMU 2130 may manage power of each component of the AP 2100. The PMU2130 may also determine an operating situation of each component of theAP 2100 and may control an operation thereof.

The memory interface 2140 may control overall operations of the memory2200 and may control data exchange of the memory 2200 with eachcomponent of the AP 2100. Depending on a request of the CPU 2110, thememory interface 2140 may write data in the memory 2200 or may read datafrom the memory 2200.

The display controller 2150 may provide the display 2300 with image datato be displayed on the display 2300. The display 2300 may be implementedwith a flat panel display, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) or anorganic light emitting diode (OLED) display, or a flexible display.

For wireless communication, the MODEM 2160 may modulate data to betransmitted so as to be appropriate for a wireless environment and mayrecover received data. The MODEM 2160 may perform digital communicationwith the RF module 2410.

In an embodiment, the MODEM 2160 may be implemented with the MODEM 100with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 .

The RF module 2410 may convert a high-frequency signal received throughan antenna into a low-frequency signal and may transmit the convertedlow-frequency signal to the MODEM 2160. Also, the RF module 2410 mayconvert a low-frequency signal received from the MODEM 2160 into ahigh-frequency signal and may transmit the converted high-frequencysignal to the outside of the mobile terminal 2000 through the antenna.Also, the RF module 2410 may amplify or filter a signal.

In an embodiment, the RFIC 200, the supply modulator 300, the poweramplifier PA, the duplexer 400, and the antenna ANT described withreference to FIGS. 1 to 3 may be implemented in the RF module 2410.

As such, at least one of the supply modulators 300-1 to 300-6 describedwith reference to FIGS. 4 to 33 may be implemented in the RF module2410.

For this reason, in the mobile terminal 2000, wide band communicationmay be possible, and power consumption for communication may be reduced.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a supply modulatorand a wireless communication apparatus including the same may improve aspeed at which an output voltage changes and may also prevent the outputvoltage from being distorted due to a clipping phenomenon, through twoor more capacitors that are charged/discharged at a time point when amode is changed from an ET/APT mode to an APT/ET mode or before or afteran output voltage of the supply modulator changes. In addition, poweruse efficiency and modulation operation performance may be improvedthrough the improvement of the output voltage change speed and theprevention of the output voltage distortion.

As is traditional in the field, embodiments may be described andillustrated in terms of blocks which carry out a described function orfunctions. These blocks, which may be referred to herein as units ormodules or the like, are physically implemented by analog and/or digitalcircuits such as logic gates, integrated circuits, microprocessors,microcontrollers, memory circuits, passive electronic components, activeelectronic components, optical components, hardwired circuits and thelike, and may optionally be driven by firmware and/or software. Thecircuits may, for example, be embodied in one or more semiconductorchips, or on substrate supports such as printed circuit boards and thelike. The circuits constituting a block may be implemented by dedicatedhardware, or by a processor (e.g., one or more programmedmicroprocessors and associated circuitry), or by a combination ofdedicated hardware to perform some functions of the block and aprocessor to perform other functions of the block. Each block of theembodiments may be physically separated into two or more interacting anddiscrete blocks without departing from the scope of the disclosure.Likewise, the blocks of the embodiments may be physically combined intomore complex blocks without departing from the scope of the disclosure.An aspect of an embodiment may be achieved through instructions storedwithin a non-transitory storage medium and executed by a processor.

While the present disclosure has been described with reference toexemplary embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those of ordinaryskill in the art that various changes and modifications may be madethereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the presentdisclosure as set forth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A supply modulator that is driven in each of anenvelope tracking mode and an average power tracking mode to provide anoutput voltage to a power amplifier, the supply modulator comprising: alinear regulator configured to generate the output voltage for theenvelope tracking mode; a switching regulator configured to operate withthe linear regulator to generate the output voltage for the envelopetracking mode and to selectively operate to generate the output voltagefor the average power tracking mode; a single inductor multiple outputconverter including a first capacitor connected with a power supplyterminal of the linear regulator and a second capacitor selectivelyconnected with an output terminal of the linear regulator through afirst switch and configured to: selectively operate with the switchingregulator to generate the output voltage for the average power trackingmode, and to provide a power supply voltage to the linear regulator forthe envelope tracking mode; a main controller configured to select atracking mode, between the envelope tracking mode and the average powertracking mode, and to control at least one of the first switch, thelinear regulator, the switching regulator, and the single inductormultiple output converter based on the tracking mode; and an alternatingcurrent (AC) coupling capacitor connected between the output terminal ofthe linear regulator and an output terminal of the supply modulator. 2.The supply modulator of claim 1, wherein: when the envelope trackingmode is selected as the tracking mode: the main controller turns off thefirst switch; and the linear regulator and the switching regulatorgenerate a first modulation voltage according to envelope tracking andprovide the first modulation voltage to the power amplifier as theoutput voltage, under control of the main controller, and when theaverage power tracking mode is selected as the tracking mode: the maincontroller turns on the first switch; and one of the single inductormultiple output converter and the switching regulator generates a secondmodulation voltage according to average power tracking and provides thesecond modulation voltage to the power amplifier as the output voltage,under control of the main controller.
 3. The supply modulator of claim2, wherein: the single inductor multiple output converter furtherincludes a third capacitor selectively connected with the outputterminal of the linear regulator through a second switch different fromthe first switch, the main controller controls the second switch, and inthe average power tracking mode, the main controller turns on at leastone of the first switch and the second switch.
 4. The supply modulatorof claim 3, wherein, in a case of increasing a voltage level of thesecond modulation voltage from a first voltage level to a second voltagelevel higher than the first voltage level in a state where the firstswitch is turned on, the second switch is turned off, and the secondmodulation voltage is being provided to the power amplifier as theoutput voltage, the single inductor multiple output converter charges avoltage of the third capacitor to the second voltage level before a timepoint when the voltage level of the second modulation voltage starts tochange, and at the time point when the voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage starts to change, the main controller turns off thefirst switch and turns on the second switch.
 5. The supply modulator ofclaim 3, wherein, in a case of decreasing a voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage from a second voltage level to a first voltage levellower than the second voltage level in a state where the second switchis turned on, the first switch is turned off, and the second modulationvoltage is being provided to the power amplifier as the output voltage,the single inductor multiple output converter discharges a voltage ofthe second capacitor to the first voltage level before a time point whenthe voltage level of the second modulation voltage starts to change, andat the time point when the voltage level of the second modulationvoltage starts to change, the main controller turns on the first switchand turns off the second switch.
 6. The supply modulator of claim 3,wherein, in a case where a voltage level of the first capacitor in theaverage power tracking mode is lower than an expected voltage level ofthe first modulation voltage according to the envelope tracking mode ina state where the first switch is turned on, the second switch is turnedoff, and the average power tracking mode has to switch to the envelopetracking mode, the main controller turns off the first switch andswitches from the average power tracking mode to the envelope trackingmode, after the single inductor multiple output converter charges avoltage of the first capacitor as much as the expected voltage level ofthe first modulation voltage before a tracking mode change time point.7. A supply modulator which is driven in each of an envelope trackingmode and an average power tracking mode to provide an output voltage toa power amplifier, the supply modulator comprising: a linear regulatorconfigured to generate the output voltage in the envelope tracking mode;a switching regulator configured to operate with the linear regulator togenerate the output voltage in the envelope tracking mode and toselectively operate to generate the output voltage in the average powertracking mode; a boost-buck converter including a first capacitorconnected with a power supply terminal of the linear regulator andconfigured to provide a power supply voltage to the linear regulator inthe envelope tracking mode; a linear charger including a secondcapacitor selectively connected with an output terminal of the linearregulator through a switch and configured to selectively operate withthe switching regulator to generate the output voltage in the averagepower tracking mode, wherein the linear charger is supplied with thepower supply voltage from the boost-buck converter in the average powertracking mode; and a main controller configured to select a trackingmode, between the envelope tracking mode and the average power trackingmode, and to control at least one of the switch, the linear regulator,the switching regulator, the boost-buck converter, and the linearcharger based on the tracking mode; and an alternating current (AC)coupling capacitor connected between the output terminal of the linearregulator and an output terminal of the supply modulator.
 8. The supplymodulator of claim 7, wherein: when the envelope tracking mode isselected as the tracking mode: the main controller turns off the switch,and the linear regulator and the switching regulator generate a firstmodulation voltage according to envelope tracking and provide the firstmodulation voltage to the power amplifier as the output voltage, undercontrol of the main controller, and when the average power tracking modeis selected as the tracking mode: the main controller turns on theswitch, and one of the linear charger and the switching regulatorgenerates a second modulation voltage according to average powertracking and provides the second modulation voltage to the poweramplifier as the output voltage, under control of the main controller.9. The supply modulator of claim 8, wherein to increase a voltage levelof the second modulation voltage from a first voltage level to a secondvoltage level higher than the first voltage level while: (1) the switchis turned on and (2) the second modulation voltage is being provided tothe power amplifier as the output voltage: the boost-buck convertercharges a voltage of the first capacitor to the second voltage levelbefore the voltage level of the second modulation voltage starts tochange, and when the voltage level of the second modulation voltagestarts to change, the main controller turns off the switch and changesthe tracking mode from the average power tracking mode to the envelopetracking mode.
 10. The supply modulator of claim 9, wherein in anoperation in which the main controller changes the tracking mode fromthe envelope tracking mode to the average power tracking mode whilesubstantially maintaining the voltage level of the second modulationvoltage at the second voltage level: when the voltage level of thesecond modulation voltage starts to change, the linear charger chargesthe second capacitor from the first voltage level to the second voltagelevel using the power supply voltage provided from the boost-buckconverter, and when the second capacitor is completely charged to thesecond voltage level, the main controller turns on the switch andchanges the tracking mode from the envelope tracking mode to the averagepower tracking mode.
 11. The supply modulator of claim 8, wherein when:(1) a voltage level of the first capacitor operating according to theaverage power tracking mode is lower than an expected voltage level ofthe first modulation voltage according to the envelope tracking mode and(2) the main controller will change the tracking mode from the averagepower tracking mode to the envelope tracking mode.
 12. The supplymodulator of claim 8, wherein when: (1) a voltage level of the secondcapacitor operating according to the envelope tracking mode is higherthan an expected voltage level of the second modulation voltageaccording to the average power tracking mode and (2) the main controllerwill change the tracking mode from the envelope tracking mode to theaverage power tracking mode: the linear charger discharges a voltage ofthe second capacitor to the expected voltage level of the secondmodulation voltage, and thereafter the main controller switches from theenvelope tracking mode to the average power tracking mode.
 13. Thesupply modulator of claim 8, wherein to increase a maximum voltage levelof the first modulation voltage in a next period, in which the trackingmode will be the envelope tracking mode, to a second voltage levelhigher than a first voltage level while the maximum voltage level of thefirst modulation voltage in a current period, in which the tracking modeis the envelope tracking mode, is the first voltage level: theboost-buck converter: charges a voltage of the first capacitor to thesecond voltage level in the current period, and provides the voltage ofthe first capacitor charged to the second voltage level to the linearregulator as the power supply voltage before entering the next period.14. The supply modulator of claim 8, wherein to decrease a maximumvoltage level of the first modulation voltage in a next period, in whichthe tracking mode will be the envelope tracking mode, to a first voltagelevel lower than a second voltage level while the maximum voltage levelof the first modulation voltage in a current period, in which thetracking mode is the envelope tracking mode, is the second voltagelevel: the boost-buck converter: maintains a voltage of the firstcapacitor at the second voltage level in the current period, anddischarges the voltage of the first capacitor, charged to the secondvoltage level, to the first voltage level when the next period starts.15. The supply modulator of claim 8, wherein to decrease a voltage levelof the second modulation voltage from a second voltage level to a firstvoltage level lower than the second voltage level while: (1) the switchis turned on and (2) the second modulation voltage is being provided tothe power amplifier as the output voltage: the main controller: turnsoff the switch, and changes the tracking mode from the average powertracking mode to the envelope tracking mode when the voltage level ofthe second modulation voltage starts to change.
 16. The supply modulatorof claim 15, wherein in an operation in which the main controllerchanges the tracking mode from the envelope tracking mode to the averagepower tracking mode while substantially maintaining the voltage level ofthe second modulation voltage at the first voltage level: the linearcharger discharges a voltage of the second capacitor from the secondvoltage level to the first voltage level when the voltage level of thesecond modulation voltage starts to change, and the main controllerturns on the switch and changes the tracking mode from the envelopetracking mode to the average power tracking mode, when the secondcapacitor is completely discharged to the first voltage level.
 17. Asupply modulator that is driven in each of an envelope tracking mode andan average power tracking mode to provide a first and a second outputvoltages to a first and a second power amplifiers, respectively, thesupply modulator comprising: a first modulation circuit configured toprovide the first output voltage to the first power amplifier, wherein:the first modulation circuit includes: a first linear regulatorconfigured to generate the first output voltage for the envelopetracking mode; a first switching regulator configured to operate withthe first linear regulator to generate the first output voltage for theenvelope tracking mode and to selectively operate to generate the firstoutput voltage for the average power tracking mode; a second modulationcircuit configured to provide the second output voltage to the secondpower amplifier, wherein: the second modulation circuit includes: asecond linear regulator configured to generate the second output voltagefor the envelope tracking mode; a second switching regulator configuredto operate with the second linear regulator to generate the secondoutput voltage for the envelope tracking mode and to selectively operateto generate the second output voltage for the average power trackingmode; a single inductor multiple output converter including a firstcapacitor connected with a power supply terminals of each of the firstlinear regulator and second linear regulator, a second capacitorselectively connected with an output terminal of the first linearregulator through a first switch and a third capacitor selectivelyconnected with an output terminal of the second linear regulator througha second switch and configured to: selectively operate with a switchingregulator operating in the average tracking mode among the first andsecond switching regulators, and to provide a power supply voltage to alinear regulator operating in the envelope tracking mode among the firstand second switching regulators; and a main controller configured toselect a tracking mode for each of the first and second poweramplifiers, between the envelope tracking mode and the average powertracking mode, and to control at least one of the first switch, thesecond switch, the first modulation circuit, the second modulationcircuit and the single inductor multiple output converter based on thetracking mode.
 18. The supply modulator of claim 17, further comprising:a first alternating current (AC) coupling capacitor connected between anoutput terminal of the first linear regulator and an first outputterminal of the supply modulator; and a second alternating current (AC)coupling capacitor connected between an output terminal of the secondlinear regulator and an second output terminal of the supply modulator;wherein, the first output terminal of the supply modulator is connectedto the first power amplifier and the second output terminal of thesupply modulator is connected to the second power amplifier.
 19. Thesupply modulator of claim 17, the single inductor multiple outputconverter further comprising: a fourth capacitor selectively connectedwith an output terminal of the first linear regulator through a thirdswitch; and a fifth capacitor selectively connected with an outputterminal of the second linear regulator through a fourth switch; themain controller further configured to control the third switch and thesecond switch.
 20. The supply modulator of claim 19, further comprising:a first alternating current (AC) coupling capacitor connected between anoutput terminal of the first linear regulator and an first outputterminal of the supply modulator; and a second alternating current (AC)coupling capacitor connected between an output terminal of the secondlinear regulator and an second output terminal of the supply modulator;wherein, the first output terminal of the supply modulator is connectedto the first power amplifier and the second output terminal of thesupply modulator is connected to the second power amplifier.